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 for the large number of andenes throughout the region without the supposition that the population was at one time vastly greater.

I-ven if corn were once used in great quantities in the Sayate valley it may have been imported from lower lands. As for the assumption that the andenes were constructed for corn because the other products do not require terraces, this quite over- looks the fact that barley is grown today where it does not ripen—and corn too for that matter—and they are cut green for forage, the seed being brought in from warmer valleys year by year. Green barley is grown in this manner cither on andenes or open natural slopes through the higher valleys of almost the whole Central-Andean realm.

The andenes of the Andean region in general have given rise to a great deal of speculation as to possible change of climate. In some places one may see thirty to forty terraces one above another on the longer valley slopes, the lower ten or twelve clearly defined, the rest fading off to narrow bands clearly visible only when the light strikes at the precise angle to bring out their delicate relief. Slopes 1000 to 12c0 feet high may be seen covered with these terraces and now wholly abandoned.

The people of Spanish descent refer to the andenes as having been built by “los Gentilares,” or Gentiles, as they designate the heathen Indians who lived before the period of the “Chris- tian"’ Conquest. Naturally so great a development of the andenes suggests a more numerous population. If the few people now living in many a valley were to sect about making terraces as extensive as those lying about them, they could not do it in a lifetime.

An excellent example of andencs is seen in the Cayrani valley west of Lake Titicaca. They arc not level but slope down- hill at gentle gradients. Some are supported by earthen embankments, and others by natural outcrops of rock or of loose stone. There is no finished stonework in evidence. It is not possible to see whether old canals for irrigating the terraces once existed. I could find no evidence of them leading