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 outposts against the depredations of the Pampas and Chaco Indians, and these heavy handicaps were not removed entirely until the final subjugation of the Pampas Indians by General Roca in his famous campaign of 1878.

. 60—The last outliers at the upper margin of the woodland that clothes the eastern Hanks of the Andes west of Salta. Excellent pastures are interspersed with patches of woodland in this upper zone, The raising of sheep and goats is a major industry.

When the Wars of Liberation were ended Salta was left in a distressful state. The merchants had suffered through the suspension of trade, the campaigns themselves had fallen as a