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 terrace that fringes the flood plain of the river. It is a most prosperous-looking place, with its wide-spreading gardens and alfalfa fields, the ranch house being a low, spreading affair with an enormous pepper tree over 40 feet in circumference, at the corner of the yard. Sefior Garay has built three small dams on his hacienda, and these irrigate a little more than 1000 cuadras.

. 45—The ranch house with its huge pepper tree whose trunk is over 40 feet in circumference at Toledo, Chile. Hacienda of Señor Garay.

There is the usual difficulty about water rights. Here, as in Vallenar, the water feuds are all the more bitter because ac- quaintanceship is so intimate, the size of the families so great, and the relationships of the principal families so complicated by intermarriage. Two or three families are related to nearly all the other important families in town or in the valley. The disposition of the cultivated land in the haciendas that line the river about Toledo illustrates the manner in which the land is used, and this is pictured in Figure 46. In the middle distance is the channel of the river, which is filled with water only at rare intervals of flood. At all other times the river flows in low-water channels, or surface flow ceases altogether. Then the bed of the stream appears a broad, white, gravel-covered region, extending down valley and lost to sight behind the next