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 famished. The final march had occupied fifty hours, but only a short rest could be enjoyed, for the oasis is tiny. During a part of the retreat the army marched along the edge of the cordillera. At one time they rested in the gorge of Aroma, the next day at the oasis of Camifia with its green clover fields and vineyards, and then followed a long desert march to Cama- rones and Arica (Fig. 1).

. 29—EI Morro, the hill of Arica, scene of a famous battle of the War of the Pacific (1879-1883). The town is north (left) of the hill and is the seaport for Tacna, an interior oasis, besides being one of the three Bolivian railway outlets on the Pacific. (Photograph by Professor Bailey Willis, Chilian Earthquake Expedition, Carnegie Institution of Washington.)

A short half hour's walk southwest of the seaport town Arica, and one has crossed a low ridge beyond which stretch miles of yellow sand and barren desert plateau. There, in a lonely spot, harried by the wind and blasted by the shifting sands, is a group of low wooden crosses. They lean at every angle, some are overthrown, all bear rude inscriptions. Projecting from the sand are portions of rough shoes and rags from old uni- forms, and scattered about are rusty cartridge shells of anti- quated design. These are the rude memorials of the Waterloo of the War of the Pacific.

The slope at whose foot these marks are found leads up to El Morro, the 670-foot hill of Arica, which overlooks the sea. Here was fought one of the hardest battles of the war; and here, too, are the works of defense, although the Chileans have