Page:Introductory Hebrew Grammar- Hebrew Syntax (1902).djvu/156

 (left him from fear). So the brief language, 1 S. 15:23, rejected thee מִמֶּלֶךְ  from (being) king, cf. v. 26 מִֽהְיוֹת מ׳  ; 1 K. 15:13 removed her מִגְּבִירָה   from being queen-mother. Is. 7:8; 17:1, Hos. 9:12, Jer. 48:2, Ps. 83:5. Ps. 55:19 פָּדָה בְשָׁלוֹם  redeemed (so as to be) in peace, Ps. 23:6? 1 S. 22:4 וַיַּנְחֵם אֶת־פְּנֵי מֶלֶךְ מ׳  led them (so that they were) in the presence of the king of Moab.

Rem. 1. The prepp. are either, (a) of rest in, as ב  ; (b) of motion in the direction of, as אל  , ל   , עד   ; (c) of motion away from, as מן   ; or (d) of the expression of other relations, as על   over, above, upon, תחת   under, &c. In addition there are compound prepp., mostly with אל  or מן   as first element. See the Lexx. Only a few points can be noticed.

(a) Prep. ב  is either in, within (Ar. fî), or, at, on of contact (Ar. bi). Most of its uses are reducible to these two senses, e.g. בַּבַּיִת  in the house, בָּאָרֶץ  , בָּהָר   in, on the mountain; of time, בַּבֹּקֶר. Hence its use with verbs to touch נָנַע , to cleave to דָּבֵק   , to hold אָחַז   , תָּמַךְ. From the sense of in (in the sphere of, embodied in) comes its use with pred. (beth essentiæ), as Ps. 68:5 בְּיָהּ שְׁמוֹ  (in) Jah is his name, Ex. 18:4 God בְּעֶזְרִי   is (in) my help, Ps. 35:2. And otherwise, Ex. 6:3 I appeared בְּאֵל שַׁדַּי  as E1 shaddai, Is. 40:10 בְּחָזָק  as a strong one, Ps. 39:7 as an image; Ps. 37:20; 146:5, Pr. 3:26, Job 23:13, Lev. 17:11. With ptcp. the plur. is used, though ref. be to a single person, Jud. 11:35 בְּעֹֽכְרַי  among my troublers = my troubler, Ps. 54:6; 118:7; 99:6 as (being) his priests, cf. Hos. 11:4. So other allied senses, e.g. where we use with, בְּחֵיל כָּבֵד  with a great army (in, in the element of; less naturally of contact, and so accompaniment), בְּמַקְלִי   with my staff, Gen. 32:11; so with of instrument, Mic. 4:14 בַּשֵּׁבֶט  with the rod, Is. 10:24, 34; of persons, in, through, Hos. 1:7 בַּֽיהוה  through Je., Gen. 9:6. Similar is ב  of price, Gen. 30:16, בְּדֽוּדָאֵי בְנִי   for (with) the mandrakes, v. 26, 33:19; 37:28, 1 K. 10:29. Finally ב  has partitive sense, Job 7:13 my bed יִשָּׂא בְשִׂיחִי   will bear of (in) my complaint, Nu. 11:17, Ez. 18:20. On ב  with obj., § 73, R. 6.

(b) Prep. אל  expresses motion towards, in the direction of,