Page:Introductory Hebrew Grammar- Hebrew Syntax (1902).djvu/113

 The chief accusatives are these — (1) The acc. of absolute object or infin. abs., with which may be connected the cognate acc. (2) The acc. in definitions of time, place, and measure. (3) The acc. of condition, or state of subject or object of the verbal action, including acc. of manner of the action. (4) The acc. of specification, or, as it is called, of respect. (5) The acc. of the direct object of transitive verbs. (6) Certain other accusatives, less common or doubtful in Heb., as the acc. of motive or purpose of the action; the acc. after היה  to be, &c.; and that after certain particles as הִנֵּה   behold, &c.

1. The Absolute Object

§ 67. (a) Any verb, transitive or intransitive, may subordinate its own inf. abs. or nomen verbi in the acc., with the effect of adding force to the predication. Gen. 2:17 מוֹת תָּמוּת  thou shalt die; 18:18 הָיוֹ יִֽהְיֶה לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל   he shall be a great nation; Is. 6:9 שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ  hear ye indeed. This acc. mostly precedes the verb, but may follow it, and does so always in the case of imper. and ptcp. See Inf. Abs. § 86.

(b) Cognate accus. The cognate noun may be subordinated in the same way as an inner acc. in order to strengthen the verb; 1 S. 1:6 וְכִֽעֲסַתָּה צָֽרָתָהּ גַּם־כַּעַס  and her rival (fellow-wife) continually aggrieved her; Lam. 1:8 חֵטְא חָֽטְאָה ירושׁלם  Jer. sinned (a sin); Is. 42:17 יֵבשׁוּ בשֶׁת הַבּֽטְחִים בַּפֶּסֶל  they shall be ashamed (with shame). 1 K. 1:12, Is. 21:7, 24:16; 66:10, Mic. 4:9, Hab. 3:9, Ez. 25:12, Zech. 1:2, Job 27:12, Ps. 14:5; 106:14.

More frequently the cognate acc., instead of strengthening the action absolutely, expresses a concrete instance of the effect or product of the action; 2 K. 12:21 וַיִּקְשְׁרוּ־קֶשֶׁר  and they made a conspiracy, so 15:30; Gen. 40:8 חֲלוֹם חָלַמְנוּ   we have dreamed a dream. Ex. 22:5, Josh. 7:1; 22:20, 31. Usually this acc. is strengthened either (1) by a gen., or (2) by one or more adj. 1 S. 20:17 אַֽהֲבַת נַפְשׁוֹ אֲהֵבוֹ