Page:Introductory Hebrew Grammar- Hebrew Syntax (1902).djvu/103

 gives the various actions more independence and force than if the ordinary secution with vav perf. had been adopted. Gen. 49:7 אֲחַלְּקֵם ··· וַֽאֲפִיצֵם  I will divide them … and I will scatter them; Hos. 5:14 אֶטְרֹף וְאֵלֵךְ. Sometimes with force of contrast, Hos. 6:1 טָרַף וְיִרְפָּאֵנוּ  he has torn, but he will heal us. 8:13; 13:8, Is. 5:29. The asyndetous consn. is only slightly more vivid. Ex. 15:9, Hos. 5:15; 6:3; 9:9; 10:2 (common in Hos.). In later style impf. with simple vav is used where earlier style would have used vav perf., Ps. 91:14; and in conditional sentences, Is. 40:30.

THE MOODS. IMPERATIVE, JUSSIVE, AND COHORTATIVE.

§ 60. The imper. is used, as in other languages, to express a command, advice (often ironical, 1 K. 2:22, Am. 4:4), permission, or request. Besides the ordinary form one strengthened by ה  may be used, to which or to the ordinary form the precative particle נא   is often added; Gen. 27:26 גְּשָׁה־נָּא וּשֲׁקָה־לִּי   come here and kiss me! 24:23 הַגִּידִי נָא לִי   tell me! Ex. 20:12, 2 S. 18:23, Nu. 23:7.

The imper. is only used in 2nd pers.; for other persons the impf. (juss., coh.) must be employed; Gen. 18:4 יֻקַּח־נָא מְעַט מַיִם  let some water be brought. Even for the 2nd pers. the impf. is often used, § 45, R. 4. Gen. 44:33, 1 K. 1:2.

The imper. cannot be used with negative particles. The impf. must be used, whether with לֹא , expressing a command, or with אַל   , expressing oftener dissuasion, deprecation. In the latter case the juss. is very common. Gen. 45:9 רְדָה אֵלַי אַל־תַּֽעֲמֹד  come down to me, delay not; Deu. 9:7 זְכֹר אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח  remember, forget not. Gen. 18:3; 26:2; 37:22, Deu. 31:6, 2 K. 18:26–32, Is. 6:9, Jer. 4:3, 4. Ex. 20:3 seq.

Rem. 1. While the lengthened imper. originally expressed some subjective emphasis on the part of the speaker,