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 (b) When the second verb expresses a contrast. 1 K. 3:11 לא שָׁאַלְתָּ יָמִים ··· וְשָׁאַלְתָּ  thou hast not asked long life … but hast asked, &c. Jer. 4:10, thou saidst, Ye shall have peace וְנָגְֽעָה חֶרֶב עַד־הַנֶּפֶשׁ  whereas the sword reaches to the life. 1 S. 10:2 he has lost thought of the asses וְדָאַג לָכֶם  and is concerned about you. 2 K. 8:10, Pr. 9:12. And, in general, when an action is thrown out of the stream of narrative, and invested with distinct importance and independence. Gen. 21:25 וְהוֹכִחַ אב׳  and Abr. child with Abimelek. Gen. 34:5 held his peace, so 2 K. 18:36. 1 K. 21:12 (the two points in Jezebel’s letter are carried out). 2 K. 18:4, where, perhaps, each of the acts is emphasised. Is. 1:8 and is left, 22:14; 28:26.

(c) But there are many cases where vav with perf. appears in simple narrative, and is merely copulative. 1 K. 12:32; 13:3; 14:27; 2 K 14:7, 10; 21:4; 23:4, and often. The usage becomes more common as the language declines, and comes under the influence of Aramaic. Even in early style the form וְהָיָה  and it was is not quite rare. Am. 7:2, 1 S. 1:12; 10:9; 17:48; 25:20, 2 S. 6:16. In Gen. 38:5 rd. וְהִיא  with Sep.

Rem. 1. The perf. with vav seems occasionally to resume and restate briefly an event previously described in detail; Jud. 7:13 ונפל , 1 K. 20:21, Gen. 15:6? The two cases of וְנָעַל  Jud. 3:23, 2 S. 13:18 are curious. In 2 S. v. 18 states how the two injunctions of v. 17 were literally carried out. In 1 K. 11:10 וְצִוָּה  has almost plup. sense. In 1 K. 6:32, 35 וְקָלַע  is freq., distributing the act over several objects; § 54 b. In 2 S. 16:5 the consn. is unusual, two nominal clauses might have been expected. In some cases the text is faulty, as Is. 38:15 ואמר.

§ 59. The impf. with simple vav (copulative) is common in all periods of the language, especially in animated speech. The use of the simple impf., and especially its repetition,