Page:International Library of Technology, Volume 93.djvu/105

 Pennsylvania petroleum and referring the results to Tables VII and X. The latter table gives the commercial products and the compounds supposed to be contained therein.

TABLE X PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM PETROLEUM Name Average Boiling Points Degrees Fahrenheit Average Specific Gravity Use Natural gas gas .630 of air Fuel and light

Rhigolene 32 .622 of water Local anesthetic

88° gasoline 122 .640 of water Extraction of oils; carbureted air machines

Stove gasoline 212 .710 of water Fuel in gasoline engines and stoves

63° deodorized benzine 230 .725 of water Varnish-makers' and painters' use Kerosene 302 .796 of water Illuminant

Lubricating oils .875 to .915 Lubricants

Vaseline .875 to .890 Vehicle for ointments, etc.

Paraffin wax .850 to .900 Candles, insulation, etc.

50. Oxygen is shown to exist in nearly all petroleum, but much of this may be due to absorption, since all distillates are known to absorb it quite freely. Nearly all the oxygen is contained in the form of acids and phenylated compounds.

Besides carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, nitrogen has been found in nearly all crude oils.

51. The element that has been of especial annoyance to the American refiner is sulphur. This is found in Ohio, Indiana, and Canadian oils in such quantities (up to .98 per cent.) as to give them a marked odor, which increases during distillation. Silver, copper, mercury, iron, arsenic, and even gold have been found in minute quantities in the ash of petroleum. These elements, however, seem to have but little effect on the properties of petroleum.