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 professionals, engineers, and the public more broadly. Because model codes are drafted by groups familiar with the particular subject matter of their codes, governmental adoption of model codes also helps align the law with industry best practices.

ICC develops the codes through a consensus process and revises the codes regularly to reflect changes in the industry. ICC publishes revised I-Codes every three years, and it also publishes custom codes that reflect versions of the codes as adopted by states and local governments (the “Custom Codes”).

ICC incurs substantial costs in developing the Custom Codes. It pays for the salary and benefits of its administrative and expert staff, office space, facilities, information technology, outreach and educational efforts, and the costs of code publication. ICC incurs the up-front costs of its code development and recoups the costs, at least in part, from the sale of the I-Codes and the Custom Codes through its online store. ICC also provides users with access to additional features through its premiumACCESS tool, but its primary funding source is the sale and licensing of publications containing its copyrighted works.

UpCodes is a for-profit business founded and run by brothers Garrett and Scott Reynolds. Scott Reynolds worked as