Page:Interim Staff Report on Investigation into Risky MPXV Experiment at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.pdf/58



Report Title
 * Poxvirus pathogenesis and immunity

2015 Fiscal Year
 * October 01, 2014 - September 30, 2015

Principal Investigator

&ensp;Bernard Moss, MD, PhD

Research Organization
 * Genetic Engineering Section

Lab Staff and Collaborators within the Genetic Engineering Section
 * Patricia Earl, PhD
 * Jeffrey L Americo, MS
 * Gilad Silvan
 * Ruikang Liu, PhD
 * Debasis Panda
 * Jorge David Mendez Rios
 * Sara E Reynolds
 * Catherine Griffin

Collaborators from other NIAID organizations

Collaborators from other NIH organizations

Keywords "monkeypox virus pathogenesis, orthopoxvirus pathogenesis, poxvirus pathogenesis, vaccinia virus pathogenesis, cowpox virus pathogenesis, poxvirus immunity, smallpox vaccine, cell mediated immunity, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies"

Goals and Objectives "The goals of this project are to increase our understanding of poxvirus pathogenesis and the basis for immunity to poxviruses. We are particularly interested in the members of the orthopoxvirus genus, which include variola virus (the causal agent of smallpox), vaccinia virus (used as the smallpox vaccine), cowpox virus (causes zoonotic infections) and monkeypox virus (causes of human monkeypox in parts of Africa)."

Summary "Poxviruses comprise a large family of complex DNA viruses that have vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Two poxviruses, variola virus and molluscum contagiosum virus, are specific human pathogens. Variola virus was the cause of smallpox until the latter was eradicated but is still feared because of potential use a biological weapon. Molluscum contagiosum virus causes benign skin lesions in immunocompetent infants and a more severe and widespread disease in immunodeficient adults. In addition, several animal poxviruses can be transmitted to humans as zoonosis. The most serious of these is monkeypox, which has an estimated human mortality of 1 to 10%. The poxviruses express a large number of host immune evasion genes that contribute to virulence. The purpose of this project is to increase our understanding of poxvirus pathogenesis and the basis for immunity to poxviruses. A human genome-wide RNAi screen was conducted to determine host factors that impact poxvirus replication."

Publications Generated during the 2015 Reporting Period

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 * 1) Earl PL, Americo JL, Cotter CA, Moss B (2015). Comparative live bioluminescence imaging of monkeypox virus dissemination in a wild-derived inbred mouse (Mus musculus castaneus) and outbred African dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni). Virology 475, 150-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.015
 * 2) Earl PL, Americo JL, Moss B (2015). Genetic studies of the susceptibility of classical and wild-derived inbred mouse strains to monkeypox virus. Virology 481, 161-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.048