Page:Instruments of the Modern Symphony Orchestra.djvu/50



Italian Tuba

The tuba is the double bass of the brass section of the orchestra. It differs essentially from the trumpet in that its tube is conical and not cylindrical—that is to say., [sic] it gradually widens from mouthpiece to bell. The tuba is usually provided with four valves, the fourth of which gives the instrument an extended and valuable downward range.

Prior to its introduction into the orchestra by Wagner the tuba was used only in military bands. It is now a recognized member of the orchestral family, having entirely supplanted the ophicleide, the deep-toned brass instrument formerly used.

Although tubas are made in several different keys—F, E flat, C, and B flat, they are invariably treated as non-transposing instruments when used in symphony or grand opera orchestras.

The tone-quality of the tuba is full and organ-like in soft and medium passages. When played to the limit of its power it takes on a brilliancy and "snap" akin to that of the trombone. It blends exceedingly well with the string basses, the effect of the combination being to impart to the very low tones a clarity and definiteness of pitch unattainable by any other means.

The range of the tuba is:

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