Page:Indian Shipping, a history of the sea-borne trade and maritime activity of the Indians from the earliest times.djvu/184

 carried to the inland countries. Paithan, situated at twenty days' journey to the south of Barygaza, and Tagara, ten days' east of Pithan (modern Dharur in the Nizam's territory), were two inland towns of great commercial importance, of which the former sent into Bharoach for export waggons containing large quantities of onyx stones, and the latter ordinary cottons, muslins, mallow-coloured cottons, and other articles of local production. The other seaport towns mentioned in the Periplus are Souppara (modern Supara, near Bassein), Kalliena (modern Kalyan), a place by the way "of great commercial importance, since a good many of the donors whose names are inscribed in the caves at Kanhiri and some mentioned in the caves at Junnar were merchants residing in Kalyan," Semulla (identified with Chembur by some and Chaul by others), Mandagora (modern Mandad), Palaipatamai (probably Pal near Mahad), Melizeigara (modern Jayagad), and others. To the south three great emporia are mentioned, viz. Tyndis, Muziris, and Nelkynda, from which were exported pepper, spices, pearl, ivory, fine silks, and precious stones, such as diamonds, rubies, and amethysts. It may also be mentioned that the Periplus noticed large Hindu ships off East African, Arabian, and Persian ports