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772 (Dr. Milach.) The fruit is also held to be purgative. Ainslie states that the bark of the stem is a little warm and somewhat acrid, and is recommended by Native physicians to be used as a decoction in low fever, and as a stimulant and tonic in amenorrhœa. The dose of the decoction is half a teacupful twice daily. (Materia Medica.) The shoots and leaves are pungent, and are considered by the Natives of the Punjab as an antidote to poisons of all sorts. (Murray.) The juice of the leaves is given in scurvy. The leaves are used by the country-people in the south of Bombay as an external application in rheumatism; they are heated and tied up in thin cotton cloth. (Dymock.) The bruised bark of the roots is acrid, and acts as a vesicant. (Ainslie.) It is " remarkably acrid ; bruised and applied to the skin, soon raises blisters, for which purpose the Natives often use it. As a stimulant, it promises to be a medicine possessed of every considerable powers." (Roxburgh.)

The tree derives its Persian name (darakht-i-miswák, or tooth-brush tree) from the fact that the wood is much employed for the manufacture of tooth-brushes, and it is supposed by the Natives that tooth-brushes made of it strengthen the gums, keep them from becoming spongy, and improve digestion. (Stewart and Murray.)

Vern. :— Jhal(H.); Kabbar ; Jhár ; Mithi-diár (Sind) ; Jál, rán (Pb.) ; Khikan (Bomb.); Khikhanela, pilu (Mar.) ; Ughai ; Koku (Tam.)

Habitat : —Punjab, Central and Northern and Sindh in the plains; Merwara, Trans-Indns.

A large evergreen tree or shrub. Bark ½in. thick whitish grey, tessellaled- Wood light red moderately hard with a small irregular purple heartwood. Branches many, spreading, whitish. Leaves dull grey, linear or narrowly lanceolate, acute, 2 by ½ in.; petiole ½ in. Panicles mostly reduced to axillary fascicles of short spikes 1-1½ in. Rachises after flowers have dropped rough from the crowded scars. Flowers greenish- white, sessile. Calyx about I½in. long, divided about ½ way down into 4 rounded lobes.