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Rh Brandis says:— I follow King in uniting this with V. Madraspatana, Gœrtn :— V. calyculata, Tulsane, is supposed to be recognized by broader leaves, rounded at the base, a pubescent disk, and half the fruit enclosed in the cup-shaped Calyx.

Parts used : — The bark and shoots.

Uses : — The juice of the bark and young shoots is, in Chutia Nagpur, applied to the body as a remedy for the pains which accompany malarial fever. A ring made from the tendril is used as a charm against toothache. (Campbell.)

Habitat : — Throughout India, wild and extensively cultivated. Ceylon, dry region common. Afghanistan, China, Malay.

Sans. : — Badari.

Arab : — Sidr.

Pers. : — Kunar.

Trimen says it is usually known in Ceylon by its Portugese name ' Masun ' (Masca, an apple).

Vern. : — Janun jan (Kol.) ; Ringa (Gond.) ; Jelachi (Kan.) ; Ziben (Burmese) — Brandis. Ber, baer (H.) ; Kul, ber (B.) ; Beyr, jangra (Sind) ; Reugha, regi, rega-panda (Tel.) ; Yellaude, Elandap-pazham (Tam.) ; Yelchi (Kan.) Jom Janum (Santal and Kol); Bar Koli (Uriya). J. Indraji : — (Porebunder & Guj.) Bordi, Bori ; (Marathi) Baher, Bor ; (Hindi) Ber, Ben, Baher.

Trimen :— (Sinh ) Mahâdebara ; (Tamil) Ilantai.

A moderate-sized, deciduous thorny tree, almost ever-green, 30-50ft. Young branches and flowers covered with a dense fuscous tomentum. Large branches drooping, armed with stipular spines, equal, or, one straight, the other bent,