Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/70

 about half o! the total o! private incomes sising from private enterprize. In the foregoing paragraphs we have been classifying the incomes o! all persons according to how they are earned, or accruedthat is to of ,view, according to the say, from another point nature of the payments made by the employing body, which may be Govern- ment, or a merchant or manufacturer, whether in- dividual, partnership or limited company, or may be the farmer or cultivator who employs land and pays rent to a landlord, or the borrower of money who employs capital and pays interest. and other professional men employing themselves. The which make these payments from the receipts side in a are to same may simple Doctors, lawyers be regarded as money streams also be classified mnner (1) All receipts of Government, local authorities, public trusts and public utility companies may be tken together and called total. ,*nue, as defined in the preceding section (p. 54), and this may be subdivided'into: (i) Civil revenue, (if) Direct revenue (gross receipts):of the commercial services, (iii) Gross receipts of public utility service owners. (2) All receipts of private persons, firms maud compa- nies, corresponding with (2) of the foregoing paragraph (p. 57), which may be divided broadly into (i) Professional fees, (ii) Sales of manufactured goods, and all agricultural produce,. (iii) Gross profits of merchant. s, less railway freights, duties, taxes, etc. In practice cross combinations occur, as when a manufacturing company receives interest or dividends on investments, or lets houses to its own work people; but these cases do not alter the principles.