Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/663

 ECOiVOMIC$ IN ANCIENT I17DIA 645 obtained in barter, he superi'nenden will find ou (by calculation) whether there is any margin left for profit after meeting the payments (to the foreign king) such as he oll (sulka), road-cess (varani), conveyance- cess (aivanika), ax payable a military saions (gul- madeya), ferry-charges (.aradeya), subsistence merchan and his followers (bhaka), and he portion of merchandise payable to he foreign king (bhaga). He shall also gaher information as o conveyance- charges (yan'abhaga), subsistence on he way (pahya- dana), value of foreign merchandise ha can be obtained i barer for local merchandise occasions of pilgrimages (yarakala), means ha can be employed to ward off dangers (of he journey), and he his- tory of commercial owns (panyapaanacharira). Having gathered information as o he ransacion in commercial owns along he banks of rivers, he shall ranspor his merchandise o profitable markes and avoid unprofitable ones." In another passage he iems governing marke prices have been mentioned as:-- (1) Expenses incurred in manufacturing articles. (2) The quaniy manufactured. (3) The amoun of olls and axes. (4) Ineres on he outlay. (5) Charges of ransporaion. (6) Oher Muds of accessory expenditure. (?) Changes due o ime. (8) Changes due o place secure he thrown B/cs--Kauilya has advised kings to gains of monopoly,. and has incidentally ligh on he heory of monopoly prices. "If any particular commodity be in abundance," we read, "its whole stock should be controlled by the Com- missioner of commerce who should fix a price for is See p, $1, Eng, Trans.