Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/651

 ICONOMIC$ IN ANCIBNI' INDIA 688 Chanakya too has included this science o! wealth in the daily curriculum of the studies of a king. (I. 211. He, has, moreoveL ance o wealth ind given an unprecedented impor- is science, economics when he says, "ou of he hree--virue., wealth, and enjoy- m en wealth is he mos important. In fac virtue and enjoymen are rooed in wealth." (I. 8). This same idea was expressed by Sukra in almos identical words: "Man is he slave of. weaRh, no wealth of anybody. So a man should ever sudious- ly labor for wealth. I is hrough wealth alone ha men get virtue, satisfaction and salvation." (2) Sukra, oo, lays down an imporan injunc- tion ha princes ough o read four sciences--logic, ehics, wrtt and polRics. He defines vrtt as dealing with interest, agriculture, commerce and caffie- rearing. "A man well-read in his science", wrRes he, "can never have any fear o[ unemploymen and hunger." (8) Kamandaka does no include ineres definRion of wrtta, bu in oher items he himself in he words of Sukracharya, as in he preceding para. (4) Bhagavaa Purana wrtta reas of. four subjects :--- agriculture, commerce, cafle-rearing and. interest. (5) A SanskrR .dictionary, Shabdarha-Chinamani by name, quotes a Shloka which means "agriculture, commerce, and caffie-rearing, hese hree means of livelihood are deal wih in vartta. (6) Then in he Devi-Purana (45[h Chapter) we read ha vartta is so called because i deals wRh cattle-rearing, :agriculture, commerce, and ineres. (7) Even vartta treats of Vaishya having in his expresses reproduced (X. 24, 81) declares that from Mann (IX, 826) we learn that cattle-rearing in particular. "A performed the marriage ceremony,