Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/648

 680 BLKB$HN the spheres of vastly enlarged. which consists o! land and aH sorts of earnings of men inhabiting thin earth. In ctual practice, however, atta and arthashastra lmve been Thin will be clear as we proceed. the exis- We will first ldnee a few evidences of renee o! these sciences. (a) The Hindus lmve counted 8 primary sciences, and they 64 principal arts, were categorically from times numbered immemorial, and for the first time in the politicaJ treatise of Bnkm, s mozt prominent philosopher, moralist, economist and statesman of ancient these 82 India. But in primary sciences many other treatises even have been reduced to 14, the last of which is invariably our Arthaslustra. (b) Then the Agni, Marksndeys and Vishnu Puranss count 18 sciences which were diligently studied by all seekers of knowledge in ancient India. They are :--four Vedas, six snpplementary sciences, logic, Mimansa, Puranss, law-codes, medicine, military tactics, music and arthahastra. The scinece of artha has been placed last of all only because it is s semi- Veda attached to the Atharvs-Veds which ranks last among the four principal Vedas. Moreover all the three Putarias have used the more popnl word--Arthaha- shtra in the place of the. archaic Artha-zda. (c) The Arthashastra has, moreover, been always called an djunct o! the Atharvs-Veds, because it deals with economic subjectm more thn any other Veda, for instance, the Charana-Vyuhs (500 B.(].) which gives an epitome of the whole edic literature speaks of A,thazhara as the Ups-Veda, 'supplementary science', of the Atharva-eda. (d) Now Slri (Ceres), the dess of Wealth, the renowned consoxt of Vishnu, the God plenty, has been praised in the  follows :-- of pete md Vishnu-Pursna