Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/639

 OttiANISA TION ' Wat land. s: Khilya We also come across waste land where the cattle used to graze. Khlya is used in this' sense in the Rig Veda. Agni or Fire is propitiated so that he may not, as he has done in some cases, lay waste the sites of the tilled fields (x, 142, $). But it is uncertain whether the waste lands were scattered between the cultivated lands as some think them to hae been or whether they were, like the Teutonic waste lands, entirely separate and distinct fron the cultivated lands. The use of the expression abhgnn khil.ye (vi, 28, 2) is perplexing. Sayana takes khilya as waste land, but gives it a special meaning in tMs passage as apratihttastlmnan, an unassailed or unassailable place, that is, aitair gant,mashaky sthale, one which is unapproachable by others. meaning is attached to the word khilita the adjective abhinna, which is explained as shotru. bhiabhtta, that is, "not' to be breached by ene- mies." The expression would to Sayana, an inaccessible course an unusual use of the word This special because oI would mean pasture land thus nean, according fortress. This is o! Another word, plmrvara, is used wMch is o! rather uncertain meaning (x, 106, 2). It may mean a field in bloom, which. in connection with the context, overgrown with weeds due to want of care. But as we have said already artaria certainly meant waste land, and as such it was always recog- nised as .part o! the land of each gama. C4dtivtion o, Kiehi We now come to the actual poess of cultivation. Er/d in Sansltl, i.t. means ploughing, and the different .farms of the ..'' krish--to plough---i8 frequently used m the Rig Ve&. In an early text (i, 25, 15)Rishi