Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/630

 612 PRAPtll7LLA OHANDt BAtU of population; and the people had to take recourse to less fertile lands and to the intensive culture of the soil. With time this pressure increased nnonaly, leading to adventures by sea and eXlnaion towards the eouth. In India the Aryan culture of the time of the Veda was much superior to that of the Teuton8 in Frisia. Their artm and crafts, their methods of agriculture and warf3re, their construction of the chariot, the bow and the arrow, the houses, all point to this. Simultaneously they point to some thing else. Agriculture or house- building could not have developed so much during the nomadic state, nor could the art8 of navigation be developed without big rivers and a sea. The assump- tion becomes irresistible that the Aryans had lived in India for a considerable period before the composi- tion of the sacred hymns o[ the Rig Veda. If so, that confirms our theory of private property. Origi- nally there was no economic pressure of population intensive culture of the grew and with intensive and therefore no soil. But with culture the need of time this ownership of land was gradually evolved. The rapidity of development along this line would exactly correspond to the severity of the pressure o! population within, and that of the non-.ryam without the Aryan settlement. It was only intensified by the development of agriculture failing to keep pace with the tremendous increase of population. To economiss the energy of the race and to give it stimulus, the land had to be made the subject of private ownership, so that the certainty of effects would lead to the greatest improvements of agriculture that were possible with the known methods. Of course all these arguments did not appear to them. They were impelled by themselves to the the economic needs and adapt changing environment. In doing m