Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/360

 846 $ANLEY EVON$ of rules of conduct in the arts of ethics (or morality) and politics, and in 11 state and social action. have elsewhere maintained tl,t there are three great aims of human, preservation of and especially social, activities: (1) the tribe, city or state, (2) religious emotions, (8) maximization of happiness--and I argued that all three are ultimately directed to the same end of increasing the happiness of the race or of the individual.  The ustification of the utilitarian choice of the greatest happiness of the greatest number and more often by implication, in national and gible policy has other aim which may be brooding and training of physical and intellectual as the normafive principle appears to be two-fold: (1) that as a matter of fact people actively engaged in a.ffairs and knowing nthing of doctrines or normatire principles, always do, as a matter of fact, unconscionsly,_ and sometimes consciously, apply this criterion directly, their advocacy of wealth, national defence improved health, so forth; and (2) that no other rationally intolli- aim of been proposed. The only considered rational is the the race .to the highest efficiency--the attainment of the perfect man capable of the maximum bodily and mental activity. The latter ideal involves the possibility that the more perfect in development and officio.hey man becomes the less will be his capacity for enjoy- ment, and the smaller his chance of happiness, for happiness has no necessary of development. 'When this the great majority of ascetic type of mind) as the ultimate end of is to be regarded as an connection with perfection implication is understood persons (except those of an reject perfection of development life and action. inversion of the relation of sensations and feeling whereby obtains maximum pleasure either through goonomics, Vol. I, pp. 187-20 Asceticism ordinary the ascetic self-esteem, lndia Joumml of