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 OBJECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 89 program of development with a definite and intelligible human end in view. In the past public works have been undertaken by Governments groping blindly for measures which were believed to be likely to benefit their subjects, or by companies seeking profit- able spheres for the investment of capital. What the ultimate effects of the "benefit" or he-profiteering would be was never considered. Nor is the end considered even at the present day, except fitfully and sporadically in America and has yet to create and to learn rs--the conscious raoulcling of Astralia. The world the supreme art of populations towards an ideal: "Constructive statesmanship', educational are imperfectly economic side policy, eugenics, this art. On its seriously neglected. developed parts of it has been most 2. Relations of Economic to other A ctivities.--It is very necessary always to bear clearly in mind that economic activities are not an end in themselves, but only the means of man are satisfied. only be satisfied by whereby A large other experiences certain of the wants number of desires can or activities. These desires, such as for knowledge, for opportuni- ties of doing good, for the esteem of fellow citizens, for the delights of love and friendship, for the emo- tion of sexual passion, for the care of children, and so forth, are non-economic, and give rise to non- economic activities, because wealth cannot buy them, or can at least only indirectly assist in obtaining them. Boh he economic and non-economic activities t Socialist writers have gone far towards recognizing and gaining acceptance for such an art, but hve contributed little of oonstruetive character towards e,.st.blishin it on f.rstional basis.. The sti,.mul?ting work of Mr. and Mr0. Stdney Webb in thetr own books, m the Mmonty Report of the Poor Law Commission (1910), and in the Fabian Research Committee is, however, of ..boldly ecnstructive chair. Even more suggestive, .Secause based on a wxdet* human knowledge, are the proposals of Prof. Patrick Gedde, for the rehabilitation of cities and for regional development in relation to them, ae roferenoes in 5. of this chapter,