Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/324

 $. M. PAAR thus to realise the dream of the universal peace. all his exhausted. Bu mean more money. Akbar's reasure was Some of he old .imposs were resorted o, among hem he humiliating jiziah, which creaed more rouble han Aurangzil had ever anticipated. The jizik, no he amoun of ]e ax as such, bu he method by which i was assessed and collected, was a any rae one of. he causes ha finally led to he downfall of he Hoghul Empire in India. (b) Tke L&r Hind Priod.---A revival of Hindu power was atemped by he Hahrahas, who, according o Prof. J. Sarkar he well known Indian hisoriar of he Hoghul Empire under Aurangzib, were he only people among he Hindus o resis he onslaughts of Islam. Mahrahas, rue o heir radifion, always small nationalities and convinced ha he The believing in horoughly decenralised governmen was in India. They were, a from aempfing o from one central place idea of decenralisafion India This the least rule heir rights, esablishmen only in local of a hing possible he beginning, a confinen like like Delhi or London. and of local taxation for est contributions k purposes the esablishmen were heir grea- appeal directly to the finance minister over-assesssment of the land tax.  oday is slowly bu surely putting ino practice. They were specially particular about land revenue. Leases to small peasant-proprietors extending over 70 years were not uncommon. The peasants could Besides the land revenue, here were other taxes, the revenue from which was extroardinary revenue as revenue. These taxes termed as Nuka-bab or the distinguished from the land may be brie(ty stated as follows: ' (1) the Hohturpha, a sx on merchants, O, Duff, Hitory thz Mahratha, Vol lI, Appendix, Duff, O, Hist, of  Mahzatho, Vol. 1I, p. 2S8. in case of Indian history, which Britain