Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/266

 . $TNLE ;EVON$ pen. sioners. He may waste th resources of the state in infiafing futile wars, and in confinnally maintaining a large mHtary orce. So much o he sa revenues as is absorbed by expendRure on hese purposes is pure loss to he people. Sae money spen in he main- enance of order and proviaiofi of insrice, on he oher hand, yelds Rs rearn o he people .many mes over; and so wRh ]e other nsnal and recognized services government. o. provide If the a good controlling currency, government proceeds easy communications, distinction kinds o! or almost oi the tax, and medical efficient and general education, sanRation, and so forth, it provides great benefits for the people. Any increase of taxation which is used to provide advantages for the people is not a burden on them but a ben.efit. A clear must be drawn, however, between he expenditure which retnrn an immedia immediate benefit to offset the burden expenditure on and those of such as attendance, fnll benefit only accrnes ar many years, sanitation 'which tho snch as large pnblic works, and general education. A 'con- trolling government may b.e benevolent, i.e., well intentioned towards the people, and ignorant, negligent or folish, in which case its good intentions a.re o! no benefit to its snbjects; bnt f it combine windom and efficiency with benevolence be of the utnost advantage it can hardly fail to to the people. The question then arises whether a controlling government can become wise and efficient; and if so how. Ex- perlenee as shown that a controlling government, though subject can be both Wise and i is to acquire and one which may be considered in a subsequent section. The democratic or popular government is totally differcut in its relation to the weNsre o! the people. to'many malignant influences, efficient. The question of how retain these characteristics is