Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/265

 PRINCIPLES OF FINANCE control. appears un(tary o[ any public affairs or' their own welfare, so fr as it is affected by the general environment. They have simply to accept and submit. The essence of this type of government is the regulation of everything by external control; and as it may apply quite as much in local and muuidpal affairs as in the national sphere, it will be convenient to denote it gove'nmt by We may note. that this type of government to be necessary to secure efficiency in all proJucing organizations, such works, mines, ego. The democratic type of government as factories, on the other hand is that in which the organ of governmeu:'acts wholly in accordance with the 4shes of the people as ex)ressed by whatever means may be available or arranged. election ment or The usual mode of representatives assembly reflect of expression is by the whose votes in a parlm- approxima.tely the xvishes of the people at large. Der(tea such as proportional respresenta,ion, the initiative and the referendutu are designed to assist the expression of the' popular will. The essential distinction however, of the two types of govetxtment, ft)m my present point of view, does not lie in the organ.ization of the government. An autocratic potentate who should decide henceforth to goveru only in complete accord with the wishes of his people, allowing freedout of expression of opinion by the press and otherwise, and holding searching inquiries, special conferences, etc., might govern in a manner completely democratic in spirit' without the characteristic organiza- tion of this type. Government by control nay be very good--perhaps may be very bad aud it the best form of govern- ment. A king or. personal ruler nay use the revenues of the sate to maintain an exraxagant court, unmerous fax'orites holding sinecure offices, and a long lis o!