Page:Imperialdictiona03eadi Brandeis Vol3b.pdf/679

WYA  was almost equally mischievous; so that on the whole he must be regarded rather as the greatest enemy English mediæval architecture has ever had, than as what his contemporaries considered him—a great Gothic architect. On the death of Chambers, Wyatt was appointed to succeed him as surveyor-general of the board of works. He was elected A.R.A. in 1770; R.A. in 1785; and in 1805, on the resignation of Benjamin West, president of the Royal Academy; but West was re-elected in 1806. Wyatt died 5th September, 1813, from injuries sustained by the overturning of his carriage near Marlborough.—J. T—e.  * WYATT,, a celebrated architect and writer on ornamental art, was born in 1820 at Rowde, near Devizes. In 1836 he entered the office of his elder brother, Mr. T. H. Wyatt, and in the following year became a student of the Royal Academy, and won the Architectural Society's prize for the best essay on Grecian Doric. The years 1844-45 were spent by him in a professional tour in Italy, Germany, and France, in the course of which he made an immense number of drawings, paying particular attention to inedited examples of ornamental art. Of some of these drawings he published in 1848 a series of lithographic facsimiles—"Specimens of the Geometrical Mosaics of the Middle Ages; with a historical notice of the Art." The success of this work led him to produce others on different branches of ornamental art, and to his making designs for art-manufacture. In both lines his success has been equal to his industry, his position having long been in the foremost rank. Among his many publications it will be enough to enumerate a few of the principal, in order to indicate the character and range of his pursuits—"The Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth Century," 2 vols. folio, with one hundred and sixty plates in chromo-lithography; "Metal-work and its Artistic Designs," folio, with fifty coloured plates; "On Ivory Carvings," with photographs, published by the Arundel Society; "The Art of Illuminating," with coloured illustrations; essays on "Enamels and Enamelling;" on "Renaissance Art;" on "Italian Ornament," for Mr. O. Jones' Grammar of Ornament; and on "Metallic Art," for Mr. Waring's great work on the Manchester Art-treasures exhibition of 1857. Wyatt was one of the gentlemen appointed to make the preliminary arrangements of the Great Exhibition of 1851, and he held the post of superintendent of the works. He was also employed on the preliminary arrangements connected with the reconstruction of the building as the Sydenham Crystal Palace; and in conjunction with Mr. O. Jones selected the works of art, casts, &c. from the galleries and churches of the continent, and the mediæval buildings of England; and erected the Pompeian, Mediæval, Renaissance, and Italian courts, and designed the Queen's screen. Wyatt's chief architectural works are the museum and other additions made to the old East India house; a barracks and hospital; with designs for churches, bridges, post-offices, &c., in India, made as architect to the East India Company; the restoration of the chancel of North Marston church, Bucks, executed for her majesty as a memorial to the late Mr. H. Neeld; additions and alterations at Compton Wynyiates, Ashridge, &c.; the Garrison chapel, Woolwich; barracks at Warley; and the architectural features of the terminus at Paddington and other stations on the Great Western Railway, executed in conjunction with the late Mr. Brunel. Wyatt is a member of the Institute of Architects, and fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.—J. T—e.  WYATT,, a distinguished sculptor, was born in Oxford Street, London, May 3, 1795. He was articled to Charles Rossi, R.A., and was a student in the Royal Academy. On leaving Rossi he went to Paris, and worked for a while in the studio of Bosio. He then (1821) proceeded to Rome, where with his countryman Gibson he became a pupil of Canova, and with both of those eminent men he formed a friendship, which was broken only by death. Wyatt settled in Rome, only leaving it once, in 1841, to revisit his native country. He was a man of calm, gentle, kindly manners, and of unwearying industry, and his character was impressed on all his works. He usually selected classical subjects, especially such as admitted of a quiet, graceful treatment, and of a slightly sentimental expression. They display considerable invention, poetic feeling, and purity of taste; and the figures are well moulded, the draperies admirably cast, and the execution, alike in the flesh and the accessories, refined, characteristic, and finished. He was considered to be happiest with the female figure. His works are very numerous, and almost exclusively in marble. Among the most celebrated are—"Penelope," executed for her majesty; "Ino and Bacchus;" "A Nymph entering the Bath," and a companion, "Leaving the Bath;" "A Nymph of Diana extracting a thorn from a Greyhound's foot;" and "A Huntress, with Greyhound and Leveret." His busts are numerous, but hardly so successful. Wyatt died at Rome on 29th May, 1850.—J. T—e.  WYATT,, an English statesman, diplomatist, poet and prose writer, of the reign of Henry VIII., was born in 1503 at Allington, Kent. At the age of twelve he was entered of St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. degree in 1518, and two years later that of master. He married in his eighteenth year, and in 1525 figured as one of fourteen challengers at a tournament held at Greenwich. At the coronation of Anne Boleyn he officiated as ewerer to his father, who was treasurer of the king's chamber. He appears subsequently to have incurred the king's suspicion of engaging in an amatory intrigue with Queen Anne. This cloud passed away, and in 1536 he was knighted. He then suffered imprisonment in the Tower on account of a quarrel with the duke of Suffolk. Soon after his release he was made sheriff of Kent. His diplomatic career began in 1537, when he was sent to Spain as ambassador to the Emperor Charles V., whom he attended from Paris to Brussels on a subsequent occasion. His observations in Spain and in Germany were of great service to his government. In 1538 Bonner, afterwards bishop of London, was joined to his mission, much to Wyatt's annoyance. Not without difficulty, the latter obtained leave to return home in 1539. Then followed his second mission to Charles V. On the fall of Cromwell he lost a powerful friend, and was exposed to the machinations of Bonner, who procured his arrest in 1541 on a charge of holding treasonable correspondence with Cardinal Pole. His noble defence on the trial which followed, is printed with his sonnets. He was acquitted, and received fresh favours from the king. In retirement at Allington he occupied himself with writing ballads, sonnets, and satires, which rank with those of Lord Surrey's as the first-fruits of modern English poetry. Ambassadors from the emperor reached England in 1542, and Wyatt was ordered by the king to meet them at Falmouth. The difficulties of travelling were then very great. Wyatt's anxiety and haste brought on a violent fever, which proved fatal. After lingering a few days at Sherborne in Dorsetshire, he died on the 10th or 11th of October, 1542.—R. H.  WYATTVILLE,, R.A., was the son of Joseph Wyatt, and was born at Burton-upon-Trent, 3d August, 1766. He was apprenticed to his uncle, Samuel Wyatt, the builder of Trinity house, Heaton hall, &c., and an architect of some repute in his day; and afterwards served some time in the office of another uncle, the more famous James Wyatt, R.A. Not finding an opening as an architect he, in 1799, entered into partnership with Mr. J. Armstrong, a builder, and with him undertook many lucrative government contracts, and erected several country mansions. He was hardly recognized by the profession as an architect, when he was in 1824 unexpectedly invited by George IV. to carry out extensive alterations at Windsor Castle. His designs being approved he took up his abode at Windsor, and threw his whole energy into the task; changing, by the king's permission or desire, his name from Wyatt to Wyattville, in order to distinguish himself from the other architects named Wyatt. He was knighted in 1828. The works at Windsor form his claim to remembrance. Wyattville had little genius and less antiquarian learning. But like Vanbrugh he had a sort of innate feeling of the value of large masses in giving dignity and grandeur, and an eye for pictorial effect. The building which he found mean, neglected, and ruinous, he left the most substantial, the most picturesque, and the stateliest palace of the sovereigns of England. He executed also restorations and alterations at Chatsworth, Longleat, Wollaton, &c., and he "restored" and refronted Sidney Sussex college; but here he had the egregious taste to face the whole of the exterior with cement. Sir Jeffry Wyattville was elected A.R.A. in 1823; R.A. in 1826. He died at his residence in the Wyckham tower, Windsor, February 18, 1840. He had commenced a series of illustrations of the external works at Windsor Castle, but he died before their completion. The work was published in two large and costly folio volumes by Mr. H. Ashton in 1841.—J. T—e.  WYCHERLEY,, an English dramatist, was born in 1640, and was the eldest son of Daniel Wycherley of Cleve in Shropshire, the representative of an old family, and possessed 