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STR at once ambitious and weak. He was at any rate generous and accomplished; and we of to-day, whilst we condemn the manner of his death, cannot but share the pity and horror with which all Italy learned his end.—, son of the above, marshal of France, born about 1508, died at the siege of Thionville, 20th June, 1558—, brother of the above, died in 1554. He held a naval command in the service of France, and was a knight of the order of St. John of Jerusalem.—, marshal of France, barbarously killed in the Azores, 26th July, 1582. He appears thus to have reaped the proper reward of his own cruelties.— or, traveller and philosopher, born in Florence, 1504; died in Pisa, 1565. He left an admired supplement to Aristotle's Republic.—, of Mantua, founded the Academy De' Vignaiuoli in Rome, about 1534.—, a Florentine resident in Venice, translated the histories of Thucydides and Xenophon into Italian; printed in Venice, 1545-50.—, born in Florence, 1551; died blind, 1634. He kept a free school at his own house, and himself instructed the students in languages, philosophy, and theology; whilst those who lacked means but evinced talent he aided with books, lodging, and maintenance; blindness itself failed to cut short his beneficent labours. He left compositions both in prose and in verse.—, of Florence, apostolic secretary to Popes Leo XI. and Paul V.; born probably in the latter half of the sixteenth century. His endeavours to bring the patriarch of Babylon within the Roman pale are recorded in his work, "De Dogmatibus Chaldæorum."—, brother of the above, Bishop of Toulouse and Cardinal, flourished in the sixteenth century.—, an illegitimate offshoot of the Florentine stock, born at Venice in the latter half of the sixteenth century; died at Rome in the former half of the seventeenth. He became papal protonotary, and has left verses of all sorts, especially an epic poem in twenty-four cantos, "Venezia Edificata "—, a Florentine jesuit, flourished in the eighteenth century, died at Rome. He rose to high rank in his order, and has left Lives of Francesco Tendarini, bishop of Civita Castellana, and of Vincent Dourdin, temporal coadjutor of the jesuits; and a tract on the assumption of the Blessed Virgin.—C. G. R.  STROZZI,, a celebrated Italian painter, called and, from his having been a Capuchin monk, was born at Genoa in 1581. He was a pupil of P. Sorri, was considered one of the ablest painters and best colourists of his day, and at Venice was held in such estimation that he was preferred to all the native artists to execute an important picture in the public library. There are many altarpieces by him in the churches of Genoa, Novi, and Volterra; and his easel pictures are met with in most of the Italian galleries. There are two or three paintings by him in the Louvre. He belongs to what are called the naturalists. He died in 1644.—J. T—e.  STRUENSEE,, brother of the celebrated Danish minister Count Struensee, was born at Halle on the 18th of August, 1735. The early bent of his mind was chiefly towards mathematics and philosophy, and in 1757 he was appointed professor in the military academy of Liegnitz. During subsequent years he published works on Artillery and Military Architecture, which were received with great favour. Meanwhile his brother invited him in 1769 to Copenhagen, where he was made counsellor of justice. In this capacity he evinced so much zeal, tact, and judgment, that he was but slightly involved in the consequences of his brother's fall. After a brief imprisonment he was allowed to return to Germany, where he devoted himself to his favourite studies, politics, and mathematics. Being appointed counsellor of finance at Berlin, he effected great improvements in different branches of trade, for which he was ennobled in 1789. He died, as minister of state and president of the board of excise, in 1804.—J. J.  STRUENSEE,, Count, was born at Halle in Saxony, on the 5th of August, 1737. His father, Adam Struensee, was professor of theology there when his son was born; but he was subsequently called, in 1757, by the Danish government to Altona, and nominated to an important ecclesiastical office in that town, while three years afterwards he was elevated to the post of general superintendent of the Schleswig and Holstein duchies. Young Struensee studied medicine, and successfully practised his profession at Altona. It was in the year 1768, that the most eventful incident of his life occurred. He was then appointed to attend, as physician, the king of Denmark, Christian VII., in his tour through Germany, France, and England. Struensee speedily wrought himself into the good graces of this profligate and weak-minded prince, and by the time of their return to Denmark he had already acquired vast influence over him. Equal, if not greater favour, was shown him by Christian's young queen, Caroline Matilda, sister of George III. of England. Aiming at supreme power in the state, Struensee ere long found means to accomplish his ambitious project. He recalled to Denmark his friend Enewold Brandt, to whom he assigned the task of amusing the sovereign, a duty the former was thoroughly competent to discharge, while he himself should carry out the designs he had in view. Through the aid of such willing instruments as Brandt and Count Rantzau-Ascheberg, he supplanted old Bernstorf, who for twenty years had governed Denmark; and from the day of the latter's dismissal, 13th September, 1770, maybe properly reckoned the ministerial regime of Struensee. During the brief period that it lasted, the successful physician of Altona, now raised to the dignity of a count, ruled with despotic power. Yet it must be confessed that the political principles of Struensee were, in many respects, of a truly liberal and enlightened character, and decidedly in advance of the age. Regularity and economy were introduced into the different departments of the state, the administration of justice was simplified, the burdens that pressed so heavily on the peasant class were lightened, and full liberty was granted to the press, which before had been subjected to an oppressive censorship. Struensee's well known irreligious and immoral character, however, caused even some of his best acts to be looked upon with suspicion; and his public measures, salutary as not a few of them undoubtedly were, aggrieved the interests of certain classes, so that a strong party was gradually formed against him. The open contempt he evinced for the Danish language, and his systematic preference of the German, contributed to increase his unpopularity with the great body of the people; and in such circumstances the worst reports, put into circulation by his adversaries, were easily credited regarding him. He was accused of criminal familiarity with the queen, a charge now understood to have been unfounded, although the conduct of that unhappy princess can scarcely be acquitted of levity arid indiscretion. However that may be, Struensee's ruin, once resolved upon, was speedily effected. Rantzau-Ascheberg, no longer his supporter, Ove Guldberg, General Eichstädt, Colonel Köller, and Commissary-general Beringskiold, under the guidance of the queen-dowager Juliana Maria and the king's half-brother, the crown prince Frederick, secretly combined for the purpose of crushing the hitherto all-influential minister. Early on the morning of the 17th January, 1772, immediately after a court ball, Struensee and his chief partisans were surprised and arrested. The Copenhagen populace held jubilee over his downfall. A commission was issued for his trial, he was of course found guilty—the supreme power being now completely in the hands of his enemies—and was condemned to die the death of a traitor, which sentence, with all its barbarous concomitants, was carried into effect on the 28th of April, 1772. Struensee, justly remarks Professor Allen in his admirable Manual of Danish History, "will serve as a warning example of the truth, that a nation's character, customs, and opinions refuse to be violently revolutionized, and that its language cannot be scorned with impunity. He possessed singular gifts of intellect, a penetrating glance that discerned the evils under which the state was labouring, and to remove these formed the object contemplated in the majority of his measures; but he lacked the moral earnestness and purity with which the statesman as well as the private individual must be endowed, if any lasting good is to flow from his endeavours."—J. J.  STRUTHERS,, a Scottish poet, was born at East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, in 1776. He was the son of a shoemaker, and was bred to the same trade, which he followed for many years. His best and best-known poem, the "Poor Man's Sabbath," was published in 1804, and passed through a number of editions in rapid succession. It was followed by the "Peasant's Death," in 1806; the "Winter's Day," in 1811; the "Plough," in 1816; and "Dechmont," in 1836. He also edited the Harp of Caledonia, in three volumes, a collection of Scottish songs to which Sir Walter Scott (with whom he was a great favourite) and Joanna Baillie sent voluntary contributions He also published the "History of Scotland from the Union to 1827"—a work 