Page:Imperialdictiona03eadi Brandeis Vol3b.pdf/17

RAI  of Richmond he became, in 1812, the second master of Durham school. In 1822 he was presented to the rectory of Meldon in Northumberland, three years later was constituted principal surrogate in the consistory court of Durham, and obtained the living of St. Mary, Durham, in 1828. For thirty-seven years he was librarian to the chapter library of Durham cathedral. His antiquarian lore was first employed in assisting Mr. Surtees in the History of Durham, published by that gentleman. In 1830 Mr. Raine published the tirst part of his "History of North Durham," of which the second part appeared in 1852. In 1834 he founded one of the most useful printing clubs in the country, naming it after his deceased friend, "The Surtees Society." He died at his residence. Crook Hall, December 6, 1858.—(Gent. Mag., vol. iv., S. vi., 156.)—R. H.  RAINOLDS,, a celebrated English divine, was born at Penhoe, near Exeter, in 1549, and was educated at Corpus Christi college, Oxford. During his stay at the university he was selected to encounter Hart, a famous popish controversialist, whom, however, he vanquished. In 1598 he became dean of Lincoln, and in the following year president of Corpus Christi. In 1603 he was chosen one of the puritan divines to attend the conference at Hampton court, where he urged the necessity of a new translation of the scriptures, and on account of his erudition was appointed one of the translators. But he did not survive till the completion of the work. Such, however, was his devotion to the task, that in his last sickness his coadjutors met at his lodging once a week to collate their various renderings; the prophetical books of the Old Testament being their department of learned labour. Rainolds died May 21, 1607, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. He was a man of great piety and very great learning. "His memory," says Fuller, "was little less than miraculous, he himself being the truest table to the multitude of voluminous books he had read over." Several of his works have been published.—, his brother, was also a man of note. The story is told that in early life John was a catholic, and William a protestant, but that after much learned fraternal disputation, each conquered the other, and they changed sides. William got a professorship at Rheims, and wrote several books against protestantism. Died at Antwerp in 1594. The brotherly debate, with its strange issues, gave rise to the following distich—

 RALEIGH,, second son of Sir Walter, was born in the Tower of London in 1604, and was educated at Wadham college, Oxford. Travelling abroad until the death of James I., he petitioned parliament on his return to restore him in blood; but this was only to be obtained by his consenting, at the personal solicitation of Charles I., to the alienation of his inheritance of Sherborn in favour of Lord Digby. When he had been thus robbed, the king appointed him one of the gentlemen of his privy chamber. In 1645 Carew Raleigh published a vindication of his father, in answer to some misrepresentations that had been made by Howel. After the execution of Charles, Carew once more applied to parliament for a restoration of his estate, but was again unsuccessful. At this time he published "A brief relation of Sir Walter Raleigh's troubles;" and in 1656 he printed "Observations on Sanderson's History of King James." In 1659 he was appointed governor of Jersey. He died in 1666, and was buried in his father's grave at St. Margaret's, Westminster.—W. J. P.  RALEIGH,, was born in 1552 at Hayes, in the parish of East Badley in Devonshire. His father was a gentleman of an ancient and respectable family. About the year 1568 young Raleigh was sent to Oriel college, Oxford, but his slender fortune and restless ambition rendered his stay there short. He joined the volunteers, who, with other English troops, were sent by Elizabeth to assist the queen of Navarre in defending the protestants, and subsequently served in the Low Countries under the prince of Orange against the Spaniards. On his return to England in 1578, in company with his stepbrother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, a distinguished naval officer, he undertook an unsuccessful voyage to the north-east coast of America. He next obtained a captain's commission from Lord Grey de Wilton, the lord deputy of Ireland, whom he assisted in quelling the rebellion of the Desmonds in Munster; and as a reward for his signal services in restoring the country to a state of quietness and security, he received a grant of a large estate in Ireland. On his return to England, with a high reputation for courage and discretion, he was introduced to the court, in which he obtained a prominent position. His advancement is said to have been greatly promoted by an almost fantastic display of gallantry which he made on one occasion before the queen. He was attending her majesty in a walk, when she came to a place where her progress was obstructed by mire. Without a moment's hesitation he took off his rich plush cloak, and spread it on the ground for her foot-cloth. She was highly pleased with this practical flattery, and it was afterwards remarked that this sacrifice of a cloak gained him many a good suit. In 1582 Raleigh was selected, with other persons of distinction, to accompany the duke of Anjou from England to Antwerp. In the year following he engaged with Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in a second unsuccessful expedition to Newfoundland, which ultimately proved fatal to that distinguished seaman. Nothing daunted, however, by this disaster, Raleigh formed the scheme of exploring the country north of the Gulf of Florida; and having obtained the approbation of the queen and council, he fitted out at his own expense two vessels, which sailed in the month of April, and returned to England in September, reporting that they had discovered and taken possession of a country possessing an excellent climate and soil, to which Elizabeth gave the name of Virginia. Soon afterwards Raleigh was chosen knight of the shire for his native county of Devon, and the same year the queen conferred upon him the honour of knighthood, and granted him the lucrative privilege of licensing the vending of wines throughout the kingdom. In 1585 he despatched a fleet of seven ships to his new colony, under the command of his relative Sir Richard Grenville, and shortly after, encouraged by the royal donation of twelve thousand acres of the forfeited estates of the earl of Desmond, he fitted out a third fleet for Virginia. It is said that this expedition, which proved in a great measure abortive, made England acquainted with tobacco, and also with the potato, the culture of which was first practised on Raleigh's estate in Ireland. In 1587 he sent three ships on a fourth voyage to Virginia, and in the same year was made captain of the queen's guard and lieutenant-general of Cornwall. He took a prominent part in the defence of the kingdom against the Spanish Armada, and was actively engaged in planning retaliatory expeditions against the Spanish king's own dominions. In 1588 he sent a fleet upon a fifth voyage to Virginia, but soon after assigned all his rights in the colony to certain gentlemen and merchants in London. In 1592 he was appointed to the command of an expedition against the Spaniards at Panama. He was soon after returned again to parliament, and took a distinguished part in the management of public affairs. In 1593 he incurred the queen's displeasure on account of an intrigue with the daughter of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, one of the maids of honour, whom he married. But in the course of a few months he was restored to favour, and obtained a grant from her majesty of the manor of Sherborne in Dorsetshire. About this time Raleigh projected the conquest of Guiana in South America, and in 1595 sailed for that country with a squadron of four ships, made himself master of the city of San Joseph in Trinidad, and then sailed four hundred miles up the river Orinoco in search of Guiana. But the lateness of the season and the heavy rains and inundations obliged him to return. He published an account of this expedition in 1596, which has been accused of exaggeration. In the spring of the following year he was joint commander along with the earl of Essex and Lord Effingham, in the celebrated expedition against Cadiz, the success of which was mainly owing to his arrangements. In 1597 he sailed with these noblemen against the Azores, but the design was rendered in a great measure abortive by the violence and rashness of Essex, and his ignorance of naval affairs. In the machinations which led to the misfortunes and tragical end of this royal favourite, Raleigh bore a principal part, and it is worthy of notice that this, which is undoubtedly the worst action of Raleigh's life, proved indirectly, by a striking act of retribution, one of the chief causes of his own ruin. In 1603 the death of the queen deprived Sir Walter of his best friend, and exercised a disastrous influence on his fortunes. His rival Cecil had previously instilled into the mind of James an inveterate dislike to Raleigh. From the commencement of the new reign he was treated with coldness and suspicion, deprived of the post of captain of the guard, and of his wine patent, and in less than three months he was arrested on a charge of treason. Recent discoveries in the state paper office have established 