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RUV  for letters, and a refined taste for the arts. He was the patron and kind friend of the poet Crabbe, who was for some time his domestic chaplain. His grace had a strong affection for his gallant brother, Lord Robert Manners, who died of wounds received in leading his majesty's ship Resolution against the enemy's line in the West Indies, on the memorable 12th of August, 1782. Some short time previous to Lord Robert's death, his hat, perforated with balls, was sent at his grace's request to Belvoir castle. The duke first held it up with a shout of exultation and triumph, glorying in the bravery of his beloved brother, and then, as the thought of his danger flashed suddenly into his mind, sank on his chair in a burst of natural and irrepressible feeling. His grace was appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1784, and died at the vice-regal palace in 1787, in the thirty-fifth year of his age.—J. T.  RUVIGNY,, Marquis of Ruvigny and Earl of Galway, a distinguished French refugee, was the son of the marquis of Ruvigny, and was born in 1647. His father, one of the leaders of the Huguenots, was for many years an eminently faithful and useful servant of Louis XIV., and was at one time minister-plenipotentiary to London. His services were so highly appreciated, that when the edict of Nantes was revoked he was solicited to remain in France, and permission was offered to him and to his household to worship God according to their own consciences. But though he was upwards of eighty years of age he firmly rejected these offers, and cast in his lot with his protestant friends. He took refuge in England, where his high character and abilities, and his relationship to Lady Russell, who was his niece, and to the countess of Southampton, who was his sister, obtained him a cordial welcome. He died at Greenwich in 1689.—The younger son of this venerable and gallant nobleman assumed the name of, and was appointed colonel of one of the regiments of foot formed in England out of the French refugees. He was mortally wounded at the battle of the Boyne, in a desperate fight in the bed of the river with the Irish cavalry. As he was carried back across the ford he continued to urge forward the rear ranks, which were still up to the breast in water—"On, on, my lads; to glory, to glory."—His elder brother,, obtained letters of naturalization and joined the expedition to Ireland, with the rank of major-general. He assisted in the capture of Athlone in 1691, and at the head of a gallant body of horse turned the flank of the Irish army at the battle of Aughrim—a movement which decided the fortune of the day. For his good service on this occasion he was created Earl of Galway. In the following year he took part in the abortive expedition from St. Helens against the coast of France. He was present at the bloody battle of Landen in 1693, and was taken prisoner fighting in the thickest of the contest. But his captors, knowing the fate which awaited him if they carried him to their camp, generously suffered him to make his escape in the tumult. He was subsequently appointed to the command of the British troops sent to Piedmont, with the title of ambassador to the duke of Savoy. When that prince treacherously abandoned the cause of the allies, and made terms with France, in 1696, the earl of Galway returned to England. King William, who held him in high esteem, rewarded him for his services with the grant of an estate in Ireland, of which, however, he was most unjustly deprived by the tory parliament of 1700. After the accession of Anne, Ruvigny was nominated to the command of the British forces in Portugal during the war of the succession. He took part in the disastrous battle of Almanza in 1707, and in that of Guadina in 1709. He was appointed lord-justice of Ireland in 1715, during the vice-royalty of Lord Townshend, and died in 1720.—J. T.  RUYSCH,, a very able Dutch flower painter, a pupil of Willem van Aalst, was born at Amsterdam in 1664, and died there in 1750, aged eighty-six. She had continued to paint up to her eightieth year. Her works are compared with those of Van Huysum and De Heem. They are, however, not quite equal to them as a general rule, though Rachel's works also are occasionally sold for very high prices. She was married to a portrait painter of the name of Pool in 1695, by whom she had ten children, and with whom she lived fifty years.—(Van Gool; Van Eynden,  en Vander Willigen.)—R. N. W.  RUYSDAEL or RUISDAEL,, one of the first of the Dutch landscape painters, was born at Haarlem about 1625, and was brought up by his father, a frame and cabinet maker, to the medical profession, whence he was formerly occasionally styled Doctor Ruysdael. Few of the circumstances of his life are known. Berchem has the credit of being his master, and he is supposed to have early established himself at Amsterdam. He, however, died at Haarlem in the month of November, 1681. Ruysdael is remarkable for the excellence of his execution, but his pictures are generally cold in effect, harmonizing rather with the cloudy than the sunny effects of the climate of Holland. His scenes are evidently from northern latitudes, and some are supposed to be Norwegian, but there is no evidence of his ever having been in Norway. He was very fond of woody scenes and waterfalls, and his pictures resemble those of Van Everdingen and Hobbema, except that Hobbema, his assumed pupil, is generally more sunny. His works were closely imitated by J. van Kessel and J. R. de Vries, whose pictures have often passed as the works of Ruysdael.— was the elder brother of Jacob, and is supposed to have been his instructor in landscape painting. He died in 1670.—(Houbraken, Groote  Schouburg, &c.)—R. N. W.  RUYTER, Michael. See.  RYBAUT or RIBAUT,, one of the most eminent leaders of the French protestants, was born near Montpellier in 1718, of a respectable family of merchants. In 1740 he went to study at the seminary of Lausanne, and in 1743 was appointed protestant minister at Nismes. His talents, sound judgment, and high character made his colleagues confide in him implicitly, and they consulted him on all trying occasions. His hut in the depth of a forest became the centre of their proceedings. His vast influence with the protestants served more than that of any other man, to divert them from the desperate designs to which they were goaded by the oppression that makes a wise man mad, and no Frenchman, perhaps, in the whole of the eighteenth century was more useful to his country. Death was at this time the penalty which the law denounced against all protestant ministers, and Ribaut, during more than thirty years, lived only in caves and huts, from which he was hunted like a wild beast. He was compelled to assume all sorts of names and disguises, and frequently went to discharge the functions of his office in the dress of a merchant or a baker-boy. From all parts the people crowded to hear his discourses, and his audience was sometimes composed of ten or twelve thousand persons; but his voice was so powerful and distinct that, even in the open air, it reached the most distant. In such circumstances his wild eloquence seemed to become sublime. His sagacious counsels and zealous labours won the esteem of the Roman catholics, as well as the veneration of the protestants. The fiercest enemies of the reformed faith shrunk from recommending the arrest of a man so beloved and revered by all sects and classes; and men of high rank and office, including the Prince de Conti and the minister of war, entered into negotiations with him. He was imprisoned during the Reign of Terror, but was set at liberty after the 9th Thermidor. He died at the age of seventy-six, on the 26th of September, 1795. This apostolic pastor and wise leader was, says his biographer, "of small stature; he had a dark complexion, a mild physiognomy and look, great gravity in his deportment, extreme affability, and simple and patriarchal manners."—J. T.  RYCKAERT,, a celebrated Flemish painter, born at Antwerp in 1615, was the son and scholar of Martin Ryckaert, a landscape painter of some note—born 1590; died 1636. David Ryckaert painted somewhat in the manner of Teniers. His subjects are commonly interiors with peasants regaling; occasionally fairs and other rustic gatherings; chemists' laboratories, &c.; and he has also left, like Teniers, some representations of the Temptations of St. Anthony. Ryckaert's pictures are much admired for their lively spirited composition, the expression of the heads, and clear golden colour. Appointed director of the Academy of Antwerp in 1651, he died there in 1677.—J. T—e.  RYDER,, Lord chief-justice of the king's bench, was born in 1694, the second son of a London mercer, and grandson of a Warwickshire nonconformist minister, who is said to have predicted the greatness of the family. From a dissenting academy at Hackney Ryder proceeded to study at Edinburgh. "He was," says Lord Campbell (Lives of the Chief Justices), "the first Englishman I read of who laid the foundation of future eminence at a Scotch university." He completed his studies at Leyden, and was called to the bar in 1725. Lord King, whose antecedents resembled his own, befriended him, and introduced him to Walpole, who made him solicitor-general in 1733. In 1737 he was appointed <section end="134Zcontin" />