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PAS Maida, at the siege of Copenhagen, with Sir John Moore in the Peninsula, and at the battle of Corunna. He accompanied the marquis of Huntley's division as chief engineer in the Walcheren expedition of 1809. In leading a storming party at the siege of Flushing he was severely wounded. After the peace he became director of the royal engineer establishment at Chatham, and signalized his tenure of office by blowing up the wreck of the Royal George at Spithead in 1839-41. He wrote an account of his operations, which appeared in the United Service Magazine. For several years Sir Charles was inspector-general of railways for the board of trade. In 1844 he received the degree of D.C.L. at Oxford. He made some improvements in the construction of pontoon bridges. He published a treatise on military instruction; an essay on the military policy and institutions of the British empire, of which several editions have been printed; and various other works of a professional nature (see Lowndes' Manual). He died at his house in London on the 19th April, 1861.—R. H.  PASOR,, a German philologist, born at Herborn in 1570. In 1597 he became professor of Hebrew and divinity at Herborn, and in 1626 professor of Greek at Franeker. He died in 1637. His principal works are—"Lexicon Novi Test. Gr. Lat.," a book once much used, and often printed; a grammar to the Greek of the New Testament; and "Collegium Hesiodum," in which he analyses the words found in Hesiod.—B. H. C.  PASOR,, son of George, born at Herborn in 1599, became professor at Heidelberg. The siege of 1622 caused him the loss of his books and MSS., but he escaped to Herborn, whence he removed to Leyden, where he studied Arabic under Erpenius. In 1624 he came to Oxford, and afterwards to Paris, where he studied Syriac. He returned to Oxford in 1625, and taught the oriental languages till 1629, when he became professor at Groningen. He died in 1658. Pococke was one of his pupils, and much esteemed him. He edited his father's works, and published some academical lectures.—B. H. C.  PASQUIER,, a distinguished French jurist and writer, was born at Paris in 1529. After studying in his native city, at Toulouse, and at Bologna, under Hotoman, Baldwin, Cujas, Marianus Socinus, and other eminent legists, he was received as an advocate in 1549. Eight years passed away and he was still very little known; for two years more his progress was interrupted by a very severe illness; and on returning to Paris from a country retirement which this misfortune had rendered necessary, he says that he found himself almost forgotten by his old employers. The compulsory leisure which followed was devoted by him to literary pursuits, and it was at this period that he prepared the earlier books of his "Recherches sur la France." At length, however, he had a chance of obtaining distinction, and he so used it as to secure for himself an immortality in the annals of the French bar. Counsel for the university of Paris in its dispute with the jesuits, he displayed an amount of acumen and learning which spread his name far and wide. His pleadings were republished, and translated into various languages, and the strongest testimony to their ability is the rancour with which Jesuit writers have assailed him. He was rewarded by Henry III. with the post of advocate-general of the chamber of accounts—an office which he resigned in favour of his son Theodore in 1603. After completing his "Recherches sur la France," and publishing many other valuable works, Pasquier died at the age of eighty-seven on August 31st, 1615, at Paris. The "Recherches" display immense erudition, but little plan or method. Amongst their most striking features is the energetic manner in which Pasquier defends the old national and prescriptive law of France as against the Roman law, which latter, he maintains, emanating as it did from an absolute power, is hostile to the character of the French people and the French monarchy. In the "Recherches" he included his celebrated plaidoyer against the jesuits. His Letters are interesting and valuable as a chronicle of the times. They were published, together with his "Recherches," at Trevoux in 1723. His Latin and French poetry was of very little value.—W. J P.  PASQUIER,, Duc de, French statesman, a descendant of the illustrious jurisconsult of that name, was born at Paris, 22d April, 1767. Entering the public service under Napoleon, he became prefect of police, whilst acting in which capacity he was surprised by the audacious attempt of General Malet (24th October, 1812). During the Hundred Days he took no part in public affairs; and after the second restoration filled various offices of state. In 1819 he formed with Decazes a ministry, which ultimately fell before the combined attacks of the advanced liberals and the party of reaction. In 1830 Louis Philippe made him president of the chamber of peers; in 1837 he invested him with the title, revived for that special purpose, of chancellor of France; and in 1844 created him a duke. After the revolution of 1848 Pasquier retired from public life. He died in 1862.—W. J. P  PASS, DE PASSE, or, as the elder Pass signed his plates, VAN PAS, the name of a family of engravers of considerable celebrity, natives of Utrecht. The following are the most eminent; the dates of birth and death must for the most part be taken as only approximations—authorities varying both as to birth and death from ten to twenty years:—, the elder, born about 1560, was a pupil of Theodor Coernhert. He designed well, was a man of some literary culture, and mixed with good society. Having attracted the notice of Prince Maurice, he was sent by him to Paris; and whilst there he designed and engraved a set of prints, under the direction of M. Pluvinet, riding-master to Louis XIII., entitled "Instruction du Roi en l'exercise de monter à cheval," folio, 1623, in which he introduced portraits of the French monarch and his principal courtiers. Crispin de Passe is supposed to have spent some years in England. His English portraits are highly valued. The most celebrated is that of Queen Elizabeth, in sumptuous attire, with crown, globe, and sceptre. Others are—portraits of Elizabeth in the dress in which she went to St. Paul's after the destruction of the armada; James I.; Prince Charles; Sir Philip Sydney, &c. The latest of his English prints is dated 1635, but he lived some years longer, as he published his celebrated drawing-book, "Della Luce del Dipingere et Disegnare," with a preface signed by himself, at Amsterdam in 1643. Crispin de Passe engraved several prints after Bloemert, Breughel, &c., as well as from his own designs, but his portraits are most esteemed.—, the younger, eldest son and scholar of the preceding, was born about 1585, and was living in 1659. He engraved portraits and subject pieces, but his prints are not very numerous.—, second son of Crispin, was born probably before 1590. He learnt design and engraving under his father, and was a very able artist. He accompanied his father to England, and is believed to have remained here the better part of his life. Zani speaks of him as being alive in 1640; but as he engraved an equestrian portrait of the Protector Cromwell, he must have lived at least till 1653. The prints of William de Passe are very numerous and much esteemed, especially the portraits, most of which are of persons of historical note. Among the best are those of James I. on his throne, surrounded by his family; and George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, on horseback.—, youngest son and scholar of Crispin, born probably about 1591. He spent about ten years in England, and engraved whilst here a large number of historical portraits, book-prints, &c. He then entered the service of the king of Denmark, and was living in that country in 1644.—, daughter and scholar of Crispin, born about 1583, engraved mythological subjects—after Elsheimer and others—landscapes, and portraits in a very neat style. She was living in 1623.—J. T—e.  PASSAROTTI or PASSEROTTI,, Italian painter, born at Bologna about 1530, was a scholar and assistant of Taddeo Zuccaro, at Rome. He painted with great facility, and his works were applauded by his contemporaries. But he is of the period of the decline of Italian painting, and his example helped forward that decline. Passarotti established an academy at Bologna, and numbered Agostino Carracci and other noted painters among his scholars, his chief works are a "Martyrdom of St. Paul," at St. Paul's, Rome; and at Florence an "Annunciation" in the church of San Giacomo Maggiore; and an "Adoration of the Magi," in St. Peter's. But his portraits are more esteemed than his compositions. There are several admirable etchings by him. He died in 1592.—J. T—e.  PASSAVANT,, German painter and writer on art, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Maine in 1787. He studied painting at Paris, under David and Gros, and then proceeded to Rome, where he remained several years. Here Passavant painted a few pictures (one of the best of them, Henry II., is in the museum at Frankfort) and published some monumental designs; but he gradually abandoned the pencil to study closely the history of art, visiting almost every city in Europe in order to examine the art-collections, and to collect materials for <section end="670Zcontin" />