Page:Imperialdictiona03eadi Brandeis Vol3a.pdf/566

NET subjects are less vulgar than those which too commonly characterize the Dutch genre painters. His pictures represent generally conversation pieces, and other similar scenes of middle-class life in Holland.—R. N. W.  NETTER,, called Waldensis, and supposed to have been born at Saffron-Walden. He entered a Carmelite monastery in London, and then went to Oxford, where he was professor of philosophy and divinity. He opposed Wycliffe both in the schools and in the pulpit. In 1414 he became provincial of his order, after attending the council of Pisa, where he laboured to put an end to schism, and opposed the antipopes Gregory and Benedict. He was privy councillor and confessor to Henry V., whom he rebuked for his want of zeal in punishing heretics. He attended the council of Constance, where he spoke against the followers of Wycliffe and Huss. During a mission to Poland he converted Withold, duke of Lithuania. He attended Henry V. on his deathbed, and died at Rouen, November 3, 1430. He wrote commentaries on Scripture, and his "Doctrinale" has been several times published.—B. H. C.  NEUBECK,, royal hofrath and physician to the circuit of Steinau in Lower Silesia, was born in 1765, and died 20th September, 1850, at Altwasser. His father, apothecary to the court at Arnstadt in the principality of Schwarzburg Sondershausen, sent him first to the school of his native town at Arnstadt, and afterwards to the Ritter-akademie at Liegnitz in Lower Silesia. He began to study for the medical profession in Göttingen, and afterwards removed to Jena, where he took his degree as M.D. in 1788. He wrote a dissertation, "De natatione frigida, magno sanitatis præsidio." He began medical practice at Liegnitz, but ere long accepted the appointment of physician to the circuit of Steinau, where he continued to enjoy great reputation as a practitioner, till in his old age he retired to Altwasser. His poetical works, many of which appeared in periodicals, were published together at Leipsic in 1827. His poem, "Die Gesundbrunnen," on the spas of Germany, Breslau, 1795, Leipsic, 1798 and 1809, is the work on which his fame chiefly rests. It is a didactic poem in hexameter verses. The first canto describes the origin of mineral springs; the second chiefly the external features of the most celebrated German spas; and the third and fourth contain dietetic rules to be observed in the waters. It is highly praised by Schlegel.—F. B—y.  NEUFCHATEAU, L. E. See.  NEÜKOMN,, a musician, was born at Saltzburg in 1778, and died April, 1858. He received his first instructions in music when but six years of age. He was educated at the university of his native city, of which he became organist when he had scarcely completed his fifteenth year. He afterwards commenced a course of musical study under Michael Haydn, who was distantly related to him, and subsequently became the disciple of the great Joseph Haydn. In 1804 he was invited to St. Petersburg, where he was appointed director of the opera; but a serious illness having compelled him to quit Russia, he settled for many years in Paris, where he resided with the Prince Talleyrand, whom he accompanied to England when that celebrated statesman was sent ambassador to the British court, though M. Neükomn had twice before visited London after the termination of the war. He was present at the congress at Vienna in 1814, where, at the funeral ceremonies in memory of Louis XVI., his vocal requiem was performed by a choir of three hundred singers in the St. Stephen's church, before all the emperors and kings. In the following year he was named chevalier of the legion of honour, and ennobled by Louis XVIII. In 1832 Neükomn paid a visit to Berlin, where one of his oratorios, "The Law of the Old Covenant," and several other of his compositions were performed. He was a great traveller, several times going over the whole of Italy and Germany, and even visiting Algiers and the north-west coast of Africa. In spite of so much travelling and various experience of life, Neükomn composed an incredible number of works. Since his twenty-fifth year he kept a thematic catalogue of his works, which contains the titles and themes of five hundred and twenty-four vocal compositions (among which are sixty psalms in various languages), and two hundred and nineteen instrumental works—in all, seven hundred and forty-three works; and yet he composed many others, which, in his travels, he forgot to set down. He is chiefly known in this country by his popular dramatic oratorio of "David "(composed for the Birmingham musical festival in 1834), and by some of the songs which he composed to the lyrics of Barry Cornwall.—E. F. R.  NEUMANN,, was born at Breslau in 1648; studied at Jena; and travelled as chaplain with the duke of Gotha. He was afterwards pastor of a church, inspector of churches and schools, and professor of theology and Hebrew at Breslau, where he died, January 27, 1715. He was author of several works, as "Genesis Linguæ Sanctæ," in which he sought to show that Hebrew roots are not truly the primitives of the language; "Exodus Linguæ Sanctæ," noticeable for its fanciful etymologies; a Hebrew Grammar; on "Hebrew Points;" a popular prayer-book, &c. He was learned, but fanciful. His German style is good, but his Latin inferior.—B. H. C.  * NEUREUTHER,, a celebrated German designer, was born at Munich in 1806. The son of Ludwig Neureuther, a landscape painter of much local celebrity—born 1775; died 1830—he studied in his father's atelier at Bamberg, and afterwards in the Munich Art Academy. At first he painted landscapes for his patron. King Maximilian, after whose death he was employed by Cornelius in painting arabesques and other decorative work in the Trojan hall of the Glyptothek, and the arcades of the Hofgarten. By the advice of Cornelius he resolved to devote himself to the designing of illustrations of popular writers. His first essay was a series of lithographic illustrations to Göthe's ballads and novels, folio, 1829, which received the warm approbation of the great poet. Eugen Neureuther has since published a very large number of these illustrations, which have met with abundant acceptance from his countrymen. They include illustrations to Wieland's Oberon, Herder's Cid, the Nibelungen (in conjunction with Julius Schnorr), Burger's Leonora, Becker's Rhine Songs, Bavarian Mountain Songs, and a multitude besides. They are very varied, usually well done, and exhibit considerable invention and fancy; but they have a certain hard, heavy, narrow nationality, which will always interfere with their general enjoyment. Some of his chromo-lithographs are in colour simply detestable. In 1848 he was appointed director of the artistic department of the royal porcelain works at Munich.—J. T—e.  NEVILLE or NEVYLE,, was a native of Kent, and was born in 1544. He made very early progress in learning and poetry, and when only sixteen years old was chosen by Jasper Heywood to translate one of the plays of Seneca, of which a complete English edition was printed in 1581. Warton pronounces the Œdipus, the one translated by Neville, the most spirited and elegant version in the whole collection. In 1581 Neville took his degree at Cambridge. He was one of the learned men retained by Archbishop Parker in his family, and was his secretary at the time of the archbishop's death in 1575. Grindal, the succeeding archbishop, continued him in the same office. He wrote a Latin narrative of the Norfolk insurrection under Kett, printed in 1575, to which he added a Latin account of Norwich, printed the same year. In 1587 he published the Cambridge verses on the death of Sir Philip Sydney, "Academiæ Cantabrigiensis Lacrymæ tumulo D. Philippi Sidneii Sacratæ." He projected, but never completed a translation of Livy, 1577. He died 4th October, 1614, and was buried in Brenchley's chapel in Canterbury cathedral, where a beautiful monument was erected to commemorate him and his brother the dean of Canterbury. This monument, in 1787, was defaced and almost destroyed by workmen during repairs.—R. H. <section end="566H" /> <section begin="566Inop" />NEVILLE,, a Utopian politician of the period of the civil war, was the second son of Sir Henry Neville of Billingbeare, Berkshire. He was educated at Oxford, and at the beginning of the war travelled on the continent of Europe. Returning in 1645 full of zeal for pure republicanism, he was returned to parliament by the town of Abingdon, and took his stand with the small party of whom Harrington, the author of Oceana, is the literary representative. In 1651 he was elected one of the council of state, but he resigned his office rather than sanction Oliver Cromwell's practical method of dealing with the revolution. His hopes revived during the brief protectorate of Richard Cromwell, and his attendance at meetings in which a republican form of government was recommended, resulted in his arrest. He was soon released, and after the restoration, lived in retirement. He died in 1694, and was buried at Warfield, Berks. His most characteristic work is "Plato Redivivus, or a dialogue concerning government," 1681, and reprinted by Mr. Hollis in 1763. He wrote, a political drama in 1659.—R. H. <section end="566Inop" />