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NAS  after the accession of Queen Victoria. To fit it for the reception of her majesty, Nash's original design was considerably altered; and the grand front of the palace, which consisted of a central façade with two projecting wings, has since been concealed from the public by the erection of a new east front, to make room for which the marble triumphal arch, erected as the state entrance at a cost of £80,000, was removed. Nash's palace had little to recommend it as a work of art, and is said to have been deficient in the quality for which his buildings have usually been commended—that of internal convenience. As surveyor to the crown estates, he made a large number of designs for buildings erected, and alterations made, on the crown property. Among these may be named the erection of Carlton Terrace and improvements in St. James' Park. Of his other works it may suffice to name the Haymarket Theatre built by him in 1821; the remodeling of the Italian Opera House; the United Service Club House, Pall Mall, 1826; and All Souls Church, Langham Place, 1822. Mr. Nash retired from professional practice in 1834, and died at his residence East Cowes Castle, Isle of Wight, May 13, 1835. Nash published descriptions, views, &c., of the Pavilion at Brighton.—J. T—e.  NASH,, remembered as "Beau Nash," born in 1674, the son of a gentleman of Glamorganshire, was educated at Oxford, from which he was withdrawn on the threshold of an imprudent marriage. He tried the army, and then became a student of law of the Middle temple, and attracted the favourable notice of William III. by his skilful management of a pageant given by the benchers in honour of that monarch's accession. Nash was poor, and his only stock in trade was knowledge of the world and the accomplishments of a fop. About 1705 he exchanged London for Bath, then coming into vogue as a fashionable watering-place, and aided the city of his adoption to rise. He organized subscription balls and concerts, became master of the ceremonies, and was dubbed the king of Bath. He lived for a time in splendour, supported by his gains at play, but when public gaming was suppressed by the legislature, his fortunes waned. He died at Bath in indigence in 1761. He seems to have been generous and honourable, though thoughtless, frivolous, and vain. The best of Oliver Goldsmith's biographies is the Life of Richard Nash, Esq., late master of the ceremonies at Bath, extracted principally from his original papers, and published in 1762, the year after Nash's death.—F. E.  NASH,, one of the wits and satirists of the Elizabethan age, was born at Lowestoft in 1558, of a family related to Sir Robert Cotton the antiquary. He was sent to St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took his BA. degree in 1585, but seems to have quitted the university in disgrace. At one period of his life, probably at this period, he travelled in Italy. He was settled in London and living by his wits in 1587, when he wrote the introductory epistle to the Menaphon of his dissolute friend, Robert Greene. About 1589 he plunged into the Martin Mar Prelate controversy, and took the side of the church. He did not thrive by his pamphlets, for in 1592 appeared the work by which he is best known, "Pierce Penniless, his supplication to the Divell," a cry of anguish produced by the misery of the author, who revenges himself by satirizing his age. A little later he entered into the almost purely personal controversy with Gabriel Harvey, in which he displayed satirical powers worthy of a better cause. There is a lively and interesting account of the quarrel in the elder D'Israeli's Calamities of Authors. In 1597 he was imprisoned as the author of the "Isle of Dogs," a play which has never been published, but which seems to have offended the government. In 1598 he edited some of the poems of Sir Philip Sidney, to which he prefixed a long and not uninteresting letter. The only dramatic piece preserved of Nash's composition is "Summer's last will and testament," a sort of interlude played before Queen Elizabeth at Nonsuch. Nash died about 1601. The elder D'Israeli says that he "writes in a style as flowing as Addison's, with hardly an obsolete vestige." There is a sketch of him prefixed to Mr. J. P. Collier's edition of "Pierce Penniless," published in 1842 by the Shakspeare Society.—F E.  NASH,, a divine, was born in 1725. His family had been the owners for many generations of the parish of St. Peter's, near Droitwich, in Worcestershire. He received his education at Oxford, where he took his doctor's degree in 1758. He had considerable property in the county, and being, as he tells us, restrained both by inclination and profession from the usual amusements of a country gentleman, he devoted his time to the work of exploring the antiquities of Worcestershire. His "Collections for the History of Worcestershire," in two large folio volumes, with a supplement, were published between the years 1781 and 1799. He is also the author of a learned edition of Butler's Hudibras, 1793, and of some papers in the Archæologia. He died in 1811.—T. A.  NASMITH,, the founder of city missions, was born in Glasgow in 1799. He received his early education at the city grammar-school; but when he was sent to Glasgow university, it was discovered that he had not mastered even the rudiments of Latin, and was withdrawn. For several years he was employed as cashier and bookkeeper by Mr. Cullen, a manufacturer. Meanwhile he had become susceptible of religious impressions, had acted as secretary of a youth's Bible association, which he had helped to found, and he wished to go as a missionary to Africa, but was baffled by being refused admission to the Theological Seminary. He had acted as secretary to the Bridewell association, and otherwise been active in philanthropic, religious, and educational movements, when in 1821 he became assistant-secretary to an organized union of the religious and philanthropic societies of Glasgow. He now began to form young men's christian associations, and in 1826 established the Glasgow city mission, the parent of all similar enterprises. Resigning his secretaryship in 1828, Nasmith devoted the rest of his life to founding city missions, young men's christian associations, &c. His income appears to have been derived chiefly from the contributions of persons friendly to himself and his objects. He founded missions, not only in Ireland and the United States, but in France—every mission being the result of a personal visit to the locality where it arose. In 1835 he settled in London, and the London city mission was his creation. He died on the 17th November, 1839, of internal inflammation, at Guildford in Surrey, during a visit made to found a town mission there. There is an ample account of his life and work in the Memoirs of David Nasmith, &c., &c., by John Campbell, D.D., London, 1844.—F. E.  NASMITH,, a learned antiquary, was born in 1740 at Norwich, and educated at Amsterdam and at Benedict college, Cambridge. He became a fellow of the college, and held successively the livings of St. Mary Abchurch, London, Snailwell in Cambridgeshire, and Leverington in the Isle of Ely. In 1777 he published his excellent catalogue of the MSS. in Archbishop Parker's library in Benedict college; and in the following year an edition of the Itineraries of Symon Simeonis and William of Worcester. A still more important work was his enlarged edition of Tanner's Notitia Monastica, printed in 1787, which was permitted to pass gratuitously through the Cambridge press. He died at Leverington in 1808. His intimate friend, Cole, has written a memoir of him, which may be found among the Cole MSS. in the British museum, in a volume of memoirs of the antiquaries of Benedict college.—R. H.  NASMYTH,, was born in Edinburgh in 1758, came early to London, and was bound apprentice with Allan Ramsay the portrait painter. After he had served his time with Ramsay, he visited Italy and resided some years at Rome. Upon his return to Edinburgh he commenced practice as a portrait painter; he however, like Wilson, eventually adopted landscape painting as his special branch of the art. Nasmyth's landscapes, simple in their subjects but forcible in effect, are numerous, but his portraits are very scarce: among them is the only authentic head of the poet Burns, who was the painter's intimate friend. Nasmyth died at Edinburgh, April 10, 1840, at the advanced age of eighty-two, having survived his equally distinguished son nine years.—(See .)—R. N. W.  * NASMYTH,, an eminent British mechanical engineer and man of science, was born in Edinburgh on the 9th of August, 1808, and educated at the university of that city. After passing some years in the works of Messrs. Maudslay and Field of London, he established himself as an engineer, in 1834, at Manchester, and afterwards at Patricroft, and carried on that business with well-earned success. He was the first who invented and constructed direct-acting steam-hammers, whose introduction has been so important a benefit to the art of forging iron; he also applied the same principle to the pile-engine. In 1856 he retired from business, and applied himself chiefly to the cultivation of science, in which he had always occupied his leisure. He has shown great skill in the construction of reflecting telescopes; and some years ago invented a new method of mounting them, possessing <section end="552Zcontin" />