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MAC honour it was and remained: for Baron Macaulay of Rothley never spoke in the house of peers. The last of his writings published in his lifetime was the Life of the younger Pitt, closing a series of biographies contributed by him to the Encyclopædia Britannica, and of which it was the most effective and original. He died, suddenly and unexpectedly, at his residence, Holly Lodge, Kensington, on the 28th of December, 1859. He was buried on the 9th January, 1860, in Westminster abbey, in Poet's corner, at the foot of Addison's statue, by the side of Sheridan, and not far from the resting-place of Samuel Johnson. "Lord Macaulay," says Dean Milman, "was never married; his strong domestic affections were chiefly centred in his sister, happily married to his friend Sir Charles Trevelyan, and her family. Her children were to him as his own, and cherished with almost parental tenderness. As a friend he was singularly steadfast; he was impatient of anything disparaging of one for whom he entertained sincere esteem. In the war of political life he made, we believe, no lasting enemy; he secured the unswerving attachment of his political friends, to whom he had been unswervingly true. No act inconsistent with the highest honour and integrity was ever whispered against him. In all his writings, however his opinions, so strongly uttered, may have given offence to men of different sentiments, no sentence has been impeached as jarring against the loftiest principles of honour, justice, pure morality, rational religion." Since his death have appeared a fifth and fragmentary volume of the "History of England," closing with a rough draft of the narrative of the death of his hero, William of Orange; and two volumes of his "Miscellaneous writings," which include his prose and verse of early youth, and those of his essays contributed to the Edinburgh Review, for personal or literary reasons excluded by him from the collective edition of his essays published under his own superintendence.—F. E.  MACAULAY,, a zealous and devoted advocate of negro emancipation, was born in 1768. His father, the Rev. John Macaulay, a presbyterian minister in the Scottish highlands, is mentioned with respect in Dr. Johnson's Tour to the Hebrides. At an early age Zachary Macaulay was sent out as an overseer to an estate in Jamaica, and there witnessed the atrocities practised on the negro race under that system which he afterwards made it the work of his life to abolish. He next held an important post in the colonial government of Sierra Leone, where he was engaged in forming a legitimate commerce with the natives. He resided in Africa for some years, and, while there, became actively interested in the anti-slavery agitation in England, which may be dated from the year 1787, when Mr. Clarkson formed the first abolition association. Mr. Macaulay corresponded with Mr. Wilberforce from 1793, and throughout the long and arduous enterprise to which they were devoted, proved himself a sagacious counsellor and an unfailing authority on all matters of fact bearing on the anti-slavery question; a cordial friendship subsisted between them until the death of Wilberforce. In 1798 Mr. Macaulay returned to England, and soon after married Miss Mills, a lady of remarkable talent. His eldest son. Lord Macaulay, the historian, was born at Rothley Temple in Leicestershire in 1800. In 1807 the abolition of the slave trade was accomplished after a struggle of twenty years' duration. Although Mr. Macaulay held no public office, his labours contributed largely to this success, and his acute and accurate mind, his warm and benevolent heart, with his unswerving determination and unwearied industry, were fully appreciated by his coadjutors. He became the secretary of the Anti-slavery Association, and the editor of the first periodical ever devoted to the advocacy of the human rights of the African race. It was called the Anti-Slavery Reporter. He also wrote a series of political articles for the Christian Observer, and was ever ready to refute the false assertions and unscrupulous attacks of the slaveholders and their friends. He joined most of the benevolent and literary societies of the day, in order that he might use his influence in them to advance the object he had most at heart. He was sent by the anti-slavery committee to Paris in 1814, and to Vienna in 1815, to protest against the slave-trade, and he faithfully executed his trust, though without much ultimate effect. When the interests of the question required a more popular mode of agitation than that first adopted, Mr. Macaulay was the first to suggest the formation of a Metropolitan Anti-slavery Society, which was established in 1823, and with its affiliated societies all over the country, proved a powerful support to the earlier workers in the cause. He became secretary to the London society; his Reporter became its organ; and he was its editor and chief compiler. In 1829 he published a pamphlet called the "Death Warrant of Slavery," and his exposure of the barbarities committed in the Mauritius, and his "Pictures of Negro Slavery drawn by the Colonists themselves," which appeared in the Reporter, prepared the way, by exciting the public interest, for the first series of public meetings for advancing the cause. These were organized in 1831 by the Agency Committee, of which Mr. Macaulay was one of the founders, and by whom anti-slavery lecturers were sent forth who succeeded in arousing the moral force of the nation in the cause of humanity. In 1833 the emancipation act passed the house of commons, and Mr. Macaulay saw the completion of the work to which he had devoted forty years of his life. He was a staunch supporter of religious liberty, and a zealous promoter of liberal education. He was also instrumental in establishing the London university, now called University college, in Gower Street; and his name was one of those inscribed on the foundation stone which was laid in 1826. Mr. Macaulay lived to rejoice in the literary and political eminence attained by his distinguished son, and died in London in 1838, aged seventy years. A short time after his decease, some of his most eminent contemporaries erected a monument to his memory in Westminster abbey beside that of William Wilberforce.—R. M.  MACBETH, whose crimes and fate have been immortalized by the genius of Shakspeare, was maormor of the district of Ross, and succeeded the "gracious Duncan" as king of Scotland. Macbeth's father had been slain by Malcolm, Duncan's grandfather; and Lady Macbeth's grandfather, Kenneth IV., had been killed fighting against the same monarch.—(See .) Duncan was not assassinated in his own castle, but fell in fair fight, near Elgin, in 1039; and Macbeth immediately mounted the throne, to which, it has been alleged, his title was better than that of the king whom he slew. He appears to have governed the kingdom with great ability and equity, and to the general satisfaction of his subjects. But the adherents of the dispossessed family made war upon him, and with the assistance of Siward the Danish earl of Northumberland, and Macduff the maormor of Fife, defeated Macbeth in 1054, at Dunsinane hill in Perthshire. Macbeth, however, escaped to his fortresses in the north, and protracted the war for nearly two years. He was ultimately defeated and slain at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire in 1056, in the seventeenth year of his reign.—J. T.  MACBRIDE,, physician, born in Ireland, 1726. He served in the navy for some time as surgeon, but about the end of 1749 settled in Dublin, where he died in 1778. He is best known by an "Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Physic," which has been translated into Latin.—W. B—d.  MACCABEES: this name was first given to Judas, son of Mattathias, who was sprung from the Asmonæans; it is derived from the Hebrew makkab, a hammer. In Jewish literature the appellation Asmonæan or Hasmonæan is more usual, derived from Mattathias' grandfather, Asamonæus or Asmonæus (Joseph. Antiq. vi. 1). The history of the Maccabees as a family begins with the persecutions of Antiochus Epiphanes, 167 ., when Mattathias raised the standard of revolt at Modin, a town not far from Lydda. When Antiochus' officer Apelles arrived at the place to enforce obedience to his commands respecting heathen sacrifices, Mattathias resisted, and having killed the king's officer and his men, withdrew to the desert of Judea with his five sons, John, Simon, Judas, Eleazar, and Jonathan. A courageous band of resolute followers soon gathered round them; determined to defend their religion and freedom. They threw down heathen altars, and restored the old worship, and by sudden sallies frequently cut off numbers of the enemy. Mattathias died in the first year of the revolt; and Judas his third son took the command.

conducted the war in the same spirit with which it was commenced. His army was small, but their bravery was great, so that his name soon became terrible to the Syrians, Samaritans, and apostate Jews; while his followers increased daily. Apollonius, governor of Judea, raised a considerable army and marched against him, but was defeated and slain. Seron, deputy-governor of Cœlesyria, then took the field; but was also defeated and killed in a battle near Bethhoron. Lysias, whom Antiochus had intrusted with the government of the provinces, next sent an army for the purpose of suppressing 