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LYT and Italy, and during his residence in Paris was employed in several political negotiations. On his return to England he entered parliament in 1730; and having connected himself with the opposition to Walpole's administration, he was regarded as one of their most effective debaters and zealous partisans. In 1732 he was appointed principal secretary to Frederick, prince of Wales. After the retirement of Walpole, Lyttelton was made one of the lords of the treasury in 1744. He subsequently held in succession the offices of cofferer of the household; privy councillor in 1754; and chancellor of the exchequer in 1756. The latter, for which he was not peculiarly qualitied, he resigned in less than a year; and on the dissolution of the government in 1759 he went out of office altogether, and was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Lyttelton of Frankley. The remainder of his life was chiefly devoted to literary pursuits. He died in 1773. At an early period of his life he displayed a taste for poetry, and published "Blenheim," "Progress of Love," "Persian Letters," and some other poetical effusions, which are elegant and tasteful, but do not display much genius. His best known work is a treatise on the conversion of St. Paul, 1747, which continues to hold a prominent place among works on christian evidence, and to which Johnson says "infidelity has never been able to fabricate a specious answer." He wrote also "Dialogues of the Dead," 1760, a popular and amusing, though slight work; "History of Henry II.," 1764, a laborious, but somewhat prolix production, the fruit "of the researches and deliberations of twenty years" (to insure accuracy the work was printed twice over, a great part of it three times, and many sheets four or five times); and miscellaneous works, 1774. A complete collection of Lyttelton's works was published after his decease by his nephew, Mr. George Ayscough. Lord Lyttelton was a man of high principle, exemplary character, and excellent abilities, to which his indolence prevented him from doing justice. Junius says his integrity and judgment were unquestionable. His speeches are distinguished by sound judgment and ready eloquence. He was twice married. His first wife, the mother of his children and eminent for her many virtues, died at the age of twenty-nine. His son and successor—  , second lord, born in 1744, gave early promise of fine parts and an energetic disposition; but this fair prospect was soon overcast. It speedily became apparent that he was intensely selfish, vain, and envious; and his profligate conduct wasted his great abilities, ruined his character, and embittered, if it did not shorten the life of his father. He died in 1779 at the age of thirty-five. He is said to have been warned by a vision, three days before, of his dissolution, which was very sudden. This ghost story—which has been noticed by Boswell, Scott, Hugh Miller, and many other writers—attracted great attention at the time.—J. T.  LYTTON, (created Baron Lytton in 1866), author and politician, born in 1805, died January 18, 1873, was the third son of William Earle Bulwer of Heydon Hall and Wood Dalling, Norfolk, by Elizabeth, sole daughter and heiress of the late Richard Warburton Lytton of Knebworth, Herts. The Bulwers—Bölvers, Bulvers—are of Scandinavian origin, and have been settled in Norfolk since the Conquest. The family of Lytton, of which the representation now vests in Lord Lytton, is not less ancient. Gike de Lytton, nephew of Hubert de Lacy, earl of Chester, fought at Acre under Richard Cœur de Lion. In the wars of the Roses the Lyttons sided with the house of Lancaster, and he'd posts of considerable trust under the sovereigns of that line. In the reigns of Henry IV. and V. they were governors of Bolsover castle, and agistors of the forests of the Peak. In the reign of Henry VII. we find Sir Robert Lytton of Lytton, Derbyshire, and Knebworth, Herts, keeper of the great wardrobe; under-treasurer of England: privy councillor, and knight of the bath. His son, Sir William Lytton, was captain-governor of Boulogne castle in the reign of Henry VIII. Sir Rowland Lytton, lord-lieutenant for Essex and Herts, commanded the forces of these counties at Tilbury camp, and was captain of Queen Elizabeth's famous band of gentlemen pensioners. Lord Lytton was yet an infant when he lost his father, who had been a brigadier-general in the British army, and one, it seems, of the four officers commissioned to arrange for the defence of the kingdom when threatened with invasion by the first Napoleon. His mother, an intellectual and accomplished as well as opulent and many-acred widow—she resumed in 1811, by royal license, her maiden name of Lytton—watched with peculiar care over the education of her youngest son, and aided to develope a taste for poetry, which showed itself not only in a fondness for reading such books as Percy's Reliques, but in an early habit of rhyming. Educated at one or two preparatory, and afterwards at several private and more advanced establishments. Sir Edward is described as having combined in his school days a slight frame and delicate health with eagerness and energy in juvenile sports and the exhibition of an ever-ready boyish courage. Meanwhile his intellectual, and among them his poetical tendencies, were not dormant, and in his sixteenth year, 1820, he became the author of "Ismael, an oriental tale," printed though not published. Entering Trinity college, Cambridge, he migrated after one term to Trinity hall, where he graduated B.A. in 1826. Poetry, oratory, and general reading appear to have engrossed him more than the traditional studies of the university. He did not take high honours, but he was foremost among the debaters of the Union, which elected him its president; and in 1825 he gained the chancellor's prize for English verse, awarded to his poem of "Sculpture," which was printed, and which concludes with an apostrophe to Italy to renew her national life. At college, moreover, he had not only cultivated socially the most distinguished of his university contemporaries, but had enlarged his knowledge of his country and countrymen by vacation rambles made on foot through the length and breadth of England and Scotland. After leaving Cambridge he accepted a cornetcy in a cavalry regiment, which, however, he never joined—abandoning the sword for the pen. A visit to Paris and to France was followed by the publication of "Falkland," a tale with a Byronic hero, striking enough to induce its publisher—Colburn—to commission the composition of a larger fiction. The result was "Pelham," 1828, the success of which, though not immediate, was immense. "Pelham" was succeeded by the "Disowned," 1828; by "Devereux," 1829; and by "Paul Clifford," 1830—the last being the earliest of the author's fictions with a distinct social aim, that, partly, of exhibiting the connection between circumstances and crime. To 1831 belongs the publication of a satire, "The Siamese Twins;" and of his novel of "Eugene Aram," the hero of which had taught in his grandfather's family, and had thus peculiarly interested him. Conjointly with "Eugene Aram" was composed "Godolphin," published anonymously. The "Mr. Bulwer" of those days was a very busy, as well as a celebrated man. The year of the publication of "Eugene Aram" and "Godolphin" was also that of his acceptance, as successor to the poet Campbell, of the editorship of the New Monthly Magazine (entailing labour not only as editor, but as contributor), and of his entry into parliament. Returned to the house of commons as member for St. Ives in 1831, after the passing of the reform bill he represented Lincoln until 1841. Although entering parliament a leader of the section of philosophical radicalism of which the late Sir Henry Ward was his fellow representative, yet so early as 1834 he voted against the repeal of the corn-laws, the question which ultimately led to the severance of his political connection with the liberal party. During the earlier years of his parliamentary career Lord Lytton was active and prominent in the house of commons. He procured the appointment of a committee on the state of the drama, and both originated and carried that most useful measure the Dramatic Authors' Act; he contributed effectively to an important modification of at least one of the so-called "taxes on knowledge," the heavy newspaper stamp of those times; and his speech on negro apprenticeship is said to have hastened the complete emancipation delayed by the act of liberation. The new experiences gained in public life supplied an important element to his "England and the English," 1833. But of all this varied activity the strain upon his health was too great; and surrendering the editorship of the New Monthly Magazine—a memorial of his connection with this periodical is the "Student," consisting of papers collected from it—he sought relaxation abroad. To a tour in Germany we owe the "Pilgrims of the Rhine," 1834; and to a residence in Italy the "Last days of Pompeii," and "Rienzi." Returning to England he found the nation in a state of excitement, caused by the dismissal of Lord Melbourne and William IV.'s summons of the tories to power. It was towards the close of 1834 that he published in the interest of liberalism his political pamphlet, "The Crisis," which went rapidly through twenty editions, and even influenced 