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LUT landscapes are correct, though often cold and formal. Some of his largest and best works are in the palaces of Berlin and Potsdam. He died in 1831.—His son,, born at Berlin in 1801, is a much esteemed painter and lithographer of landscapes, &c.—J. T—e.  LUTTRELL,, a diarist and collector of some note, was descended from the ancient family of the Luttrells of Dunstan castle in Somersetshire. He lived very privately and penuriously, and died at Little Chelsea on the 27th of June, 1732. He had collected a curious library of English history, antiquities, and miscellanies, and had purchased for it as each came out every poetical tract from the time of Charles II. to that of George I. This collection is referred to by Sir Walter Scott as having been turned to account by him in his edition of Dryden. Seventeen volumes of Luttrell's MS. diary of public events and gossip, commencing in September, 1678, and terminating abruptly with the 1st of April, 1714, are preserved in the library of All Souls college, to which they were bequeathed by Dr. Luttrell Wynne, a relative of the writer, and a former fellow of the college. In its manuscript form it was much consulted by Lord Macaulay, who frequently refers to it in his History of England. The celebrity thus bestowed on it led to its publication at the press of the university as "A brief historical relation of State Affairs, from September, 1678, to April, 1714," 6 vols., Oxford, 1857.—F. E.  LÜTZELBURGER,, a very celebrated wood-engraver of Basle in Switzerland, of whom little more is known than that he flourished in the first half of the sixteenth century. He is by many good recent authorities believed to be the engraver of the famous Dance of Death, published at Lyons in 1538, of which the designs, and by some the engraving, are attributed to Holbein. There appears to be less doubt that the cuts of Holbein's Alphabet of Death are by Lützelburger; and though each cut measures only a square inch, they are even more exquisite examples of wood-engraving than the larger Dance. Lützelburger engraved others of Holbein's designs; a Decollation of the Baptist, and one or two more of Albert Dürer's; a famous print of peasants by the Master NH; and others which are highly esteemed. His dated prints, or those of which the dates are ascertained, range between 1522 and 1539. Hans Lützelburger's is an important name in the early history of wood-engraving, as much from the obscurity which envelopes the evidence as to the designer and engraver of so many admirable works, as from the beauty of the works themselves. The various writers on the early history of engraving have consequently examined at great length the points here only indicated. The works of Bartsch, Massman, Zani, Rumohr, Elissen, A. de Montaiglon, Fortoul, and Passavant, may be referred to for further information.—J. T—e.  LUXEMBURG, , Duc de, one of the greatest generals of his age, was descended from the ancient and famous house of Montmorency, which has given to France a long and splendid succession of constables and marshals. He was born in 1628, and was the posthumous son of the Count de Bouteville, who was beheaded for fighting a duel. The Princess de Condé took a deep interest in young De Bouteville, introduced him at court, and obtained for him the appointment of aid-de-camp to her son. the great Condé. Under that famous soldier, whom he resembled in many of his best qualities, young De Bouteville learned the art of war, and soon showed that in ability and courage he was not inferior to any of his illustrious race. His first campaign, which was in Catalonia in 1647, under the Duke d'Enghien, was unfortunate; but he greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Lens in 1648, and was rewarded with the rank of major-general when he was little more than twenty years of age. His connection with Condé involved him in the political quarrels of that erratic genius. In the civil wars which distracted France during the minority of Louis XIV. he fought under Condé against Mazarin and the Fronde, was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Rethel in 1650, and was for some months confined in a dungeon at Vincennes. He fought with Condé on the side of Spain in the war with France in 1654-59; but after the treaty of the Pyrenees in 1660 he made his peace with Louis, and was allowed to return to his native country. He served as a volunteer under Turenne in the conquest of Franche-Comte in 1667. and was elevated to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1671 he married the heiress of the great house of Luxemburg, and united her name and arms with his own. In the following year he was commissioned by Louis to chastise the Dutch; he gained several battles, took many towns, and inflicted upon them such cruelties as greatly to tarnish his reputation. At the close of the campaign in 1673, at the head of twenty thousand men, opposed by more than three times that number, he effected a masterly retreat which added greatly to his reputation. He distinguished himself in another campaign in Franche-Comte in 1674, and took part in the battle of Senef. In the following year he was created a marshal of France. He obtained several brilliant successes in the campaign of 1677, but he was disliked, both by Louis and his powerful minister Louvois; and at the instigation, it is alleged, of the latter, the victorious general was accused of trafficking with sorcerers and with venders of poison, and was confined in the Bastile for fourteen months. But when France was involved in war with the allied powers in 1690, Louis was fain to avail himself of the services of the general whom he had ill-used, and whom he detested. Luxemburg revenged himself on his ungrateful master and his minister, by rendering the most signal services to the state. He defeated Prince Waldeck in a decisive engagement at Fleurus, 1st July, and King William in the famous and bloody battle of Steinkirk, July, 1692, and again at Landen in 1693, when nearly twenty thousand men were left on the battle-field. In the following year he made a forced march in the presence of a superior army—the last important act of his life—which excited the admiration of military critics, and frustrated the plans of his opponents. Worn out by his toils and by vicious indulgences, he died 5th January, 1695, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. The death of Luxemburg put an end to the success of Louis. He left no equal or worthy successor among the French generals His stature was diminutive, his features harsh, and his person deformed. But he was possessed of unerring sagacity, a clear judgment, great energy and presence of mind, and wonderful military skill. He was deficient, however, in vigilance and diligence, and is alleged not to have had the art of improving a victory.—J. T.  LUXEMBURG,, Count of Saint Pol, Constable of France, was born in 1418, and beheaded on the Place de Grève, at Paris, on the 19th December, 1475. He was the son of Count Peter, whom he succeeded at the age of fifteen. In the wars with the English he first adhered to the English side, but changed his allegiance, and was admitted to the councils of Charles VII. He was a distinguished and skilful soldier, and was highly esteemed for his gallantry. In 1464 he was summoned by Louis XI., and paid homage to that king. Soon after the king to secure his fidelity gave him his sister-in-law in marriage; but the count was generally more willing to take the part of Burgundy than that of France. He even sent information to the duke of Burgundy of the preparations made by the king of France and the earl of Warwick against Edward IV. His territories were placed between France and Burgundy, and his policy was to foment mischief between the two powers in the hope of gaining on both sides; but the duke of Burgundy arrested him, and for his own purposes sold him to France, and the parliament of Paris condemned him to death. His eldest son, John, was killed at the battle of Morat; but his second son, Pierre, procured restoration of the family estates.—P. E. D.  LUXFORD,, an English botanist, was born at Sutton in Surrey, on 7th April, 1807, and died at Walworth on 12th June, 1855, in the forty-eighth year of his age. In his early days he was sent to Reigate, where he acquired his elementary education. In 1834 he removed to Birmingham, but retired to Reigate in 1837, and at same time commenced business as a printer in London. He published a "Flora of Reigate," and was associated with Mr. Newman in the editing of a monthly botanical periodical called the Phytologist. For some years he was sub-editor of the Westminster Review. In 1846 he was appointed lecturer on botany in St. Thomas' hospital; but in 1851 he resigned this office and entered Mr. Newman's printing establishment as "reader."—J. H. B.  LUYNES,, Duke of, Constable of France, was born in Languedoc on the 5th August, 1578, and died at Guienne on the 15th December, 1621. He was at first a page to Henry IV., but was afterwards attached to the household of the dauphin, who became Louis XIII. Louis was fond of hawking, and Luynes appears to have possessed some special talent for the management of birds; so that he soon gained his master's good graces and became a favourite. He was made captain of the Louvre, councillor of state, and 