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LUN Enrique and the king of Navarre, reinforced by the king's son, Prince Enrique, formed a league which compelled the monarch to banish his minister for a term of six years. It is probable that the real strength of the confederacy lay in the discontent which had been excited among the Castilian nobles by the constant aggressions attempted by the king and his minister on the prerogatives of the Castilian parliament. Another demerit, though less obvious, was De Luna's neglect of his trust as tutor and afterwards governor of the young Prince Enrique, whose vices and incapacity are to be traced to his education. The prince at first took part against the favourite, but in later years was active in bringing about his restoration. The king of Navarre soon reduced the unfortunate John to an honourable captivity; but Prince Enrique, in conjunction with the constable, raised a force sufficient to defy the usurpation, and at the battle of Olmedo the Infante Don Enrique was mortally wounded, and several of his principal supporters killed. The return of De Luna to power was not signalized by any act of revenge against his opponents, but the last stretch of his authority proved fatal to him. The king having lost his first wife, was on the point of concluding a match with the daughter of the king of France; but the minister had already, without consulting him, arranged a union with Isabel of Portugal, which would appear to have been in a political sense far more eligible. The king submitted, and married the Portuguese princess; but the constable failed to rule the king's domestic relations as he had done in the time of the first queen. He soon lost the favour of the sovereigns, and a plot was already matured against him when he gave but too valid a pretext for his condemnation, by causing Alonzo Perez, who had been unfaithful to him, to be thrown headlong from a tower. A speedy arrest and a mock trial followed; and after much vacillation on the part of the king, he was publicly executed at Valladolid, June, 1453. The reputation of Alvaro de Luna is literary as well as political; he was a patron of literature, and wrote many of the entremeses, or interludes, which were then in vogue; also a short poem, and an unpublished work on virtuous and famous women. The chronicle of his life, by an unknown ecclesiastic, is a master-piece in its kind.—F. M. W.  LUNDEN,, a great Scottish magnate, was born about the beginning of the thirteenth century. He married at an early age the illegitimate daughter of Alexander II.; and before 1233 succeeded his father in the office of king's hostiarius or door-ward. In 1243 he was appointed grand justiciar of Scotland; but he was deprived of this office in 1249, on account of his attempt to obtain from the council the legitimation of his wife, so that, on failure of the legal heirs, she might succeed to the crown. On this he joined Henry III. of England, and served under him in France. But at length in 1255 he was reinstated in his office through the influence of Henry. Two years later he was replaced by Comyn. On his death in 1275 his three daughters carried his great possessions into other families.—J. T.  LUPSET,, an eminent English scholar, was born in London in 1498, and studied at St. Paul's school, at Cambridge, and at Paris. In 1519 he became lecturer on rhetoric at Oxford; he accompanied Richard Pace to Italy as his secretary, and became tutor to Cardinal Wolsey's son, Thomas Winter. In 1529 he received the living of St. Martin's, Ludgate, and in 1530 a prebend at Salisbury. He died in 1532. He was held in much estimation for his learning, piety, and humility. He wrote a treatise on charity; an exhortation to young men; and a treatise teaching how to die well, besides some Latin letters, and sundry translations from the Greek and Latin.—B. H. C.  LUPTON,, of whose life little is known, published in 1637 "The History of the Modern Protestant Divines, faithfully translated out of Latin"—according to Alexander Chalmers, that of Holland's Heroologia and Verheiden's Effigies. The work, which is a scarce one, includes biographies, British and foreign, from Berengarius and Huss to Perkins and Whittaker. Another of Lupton's avowed works is "London and the Country carbonadoed and quartered into several characters," London, 1632—a curious little volume, worth a glance for the traits which it contains of contemporary manners and character. It is dedicated to Lord Goring, and in the dedication Lupton speaks of having been with his lordship's brother "in the warres abroad."—F. E.  LUPUS SERVATUS or LOUP DE FERRIÈRES, a French ecclesiastic and author, was born about 805, and died after 862. He studied under Rabanus Maurus at Fulda, where he is reported to have made great progress in all sorts of learning. On his return to France he became a great favourite in the court of Louis the Meek and his son Charles. In 841 he was appointed abbot of Ferrières, a celebrated benedictine monastery. In 843 he attended a synod at Germigny, and in 844 was taken prisoner by Pepin of Aquitaine, who defeated him in his attempt to lead some troops to the assistance of Charles; but he was speedily released, and attended the synod of Verneuil the same year, where he drew up the canons. In 853 he was at the council of Soissons, in 855 at the council of Bonœil, and in 859 he attended the synod of Toul. In 861 he fled from Ferrières through fear of the Normans, and in 862 appeared at a council at Soissons, after which no more is heard of him. He chiefly claims our regard for his writings, which were published in a collected form by Baluze in 1664; they consist of letters, theological treatises, and lives of saints. The letters throw much light upon his own character, and also illustrate the age to which he belonged. The treatises "DeTribus Questionibus," on predestination, grace, and free-will, are valuable to the student of the history of theological controversy.—B. H. C.  LUPUS or WOLF,, a learned monk of ultramontane principles, was born at Ypres in 1612. His works were published at Venice in 6 vols. folio, in 1724-29. The most important of these is entitled "Synodorum generalium et provincialium statuta et canones." He died at Louvain in 1681.  * LUSHINGTON,, D.C.L., distinguished as a civilian, and for the important part he took in the work of negro emancipation, was born in 1782. His father, Sir Stephen Lushington, baronet, was chairman of the East India company. He received his early education at Eton, and in 1799 went to Oxford, where he graduated B.A. and M.A. at All Souls' college, of which he became a fellow. He took the degrees of bachelor and doctor of laws, and was called to the bar of the Inner temple in 1806, and in 1808 was admitted an advocate of Doctors Commons. His parliamentary career commenced in 1807, when he was returned member for Great Yarmouth; and during a period of thirty-four years from that time, he took an active and independent part in the deliberations of the house of commons. He represented successively, in the old parliament, the boroughs of Tregony, Yarmouth, Ilchester, and other places; and in the first reformed house of commons, in 1831, he was chosen for the Tower Hamlets, which he continued to represent until 1841. The year that Dr. Lushington entered parliament, the act for the abolition of the slave-trade was brought before the house; and Mr. Wilberforce and his friends, after having struggled to obtain it for twenty years, had the satisfaction of seeing it become the law of the land. Dr. Lushington, who supported the administration of Fox and Grenville, during which the abolition act was passed, voted in its favour, though he was the owner of considerable property in the West Indies. Throughout the long and arduous labours which led to the total abolition of slavery. Dr. Lushington's quick perceptions, his spirit, energy, and indefatigable perseverance, with his legal accomplishments, his well trained mind and parliamentary experience, were of invaluable service. In 1823 Dr. Lushington brought in a bill to consolidate the abolition acts; it passed the commons' house, but was thrown out by the lords He brought it forward again in 1825, with clauses to abolish the inter-colonial trade; it passed the legislature, and the same year an act declaring the slave trade piracy was obtained. But, perhaps, the most anxious and arduous portion of Dr. Lushington's antislavery labours, was performed in the few months previous to the final triumph of the cause. He had been throughout closely connected with Mr. Buxton in this great work, and on them rested the care and responsibility attendant on its completion. To their far-seeing policy it is probable the slaves were indebted for the boon of freedom, at an earlier date than would have been practicable without the guidance which they bestowed upon the measure. Their concession to the compensation clause, in opposition to the popular demand for "unconditional emancipation," was made to insure the passage of the act in the parliament of 1833; for their experience had taught them that delay was dangerous, and the course they took was the result of the most profound and anxious deliberation, after repeated negotiations with the government. Dr. Lushington's parliamentary course on other questions was characterized by the same principles which he exhibited in the antislavery cause. In 1820 he moved in parliament the recognition of the South American republics, in opposition to Lord Castlereagh and Mr. Canning. In 1831 he 