Page:Imperialdictiona02eadi Brandeis.pdf/961

HOB  of the board of control in the Addington administration, chairman of the committee of ways and means from 1805 onward, and first commissioner for investigating the debts of the nabob of the Carnatic, the last a post which he retained after his withdrawal from public life in 1818 up to his death. He was created a baronet in 1812, and died in 1831. At his death he was vice-president of the Literary Fund, as chairman of which association he had exerted himself conspicuously and usefully.—F. E.  HOBHOUSE,, Baron Broughton of Broughton Gilford, county of Wilts, author and politician, was the son and heir of Sir Benjamin Hobhouse, Bart., and born at Redland, near Bristol, in 1786. Educated at Westminster school, he proceeded to Trinity college, Cambridge, where he formed what proved to be a lasting intimacy with Lord Byron, who made him one of his executors. A volume of verse which he published in 1809 included some poems by Lord Byron; and he accompanied the latter in the two years' tour on the continent and in the east, one of the results of which was Childe Harold. The tour was recorded by Mr. Hobhouse in "A Journey through Albania," which appeared in 1813, and a third edition of which was published in the year 1855. This work procured for him admission to the Royal Society in 1814, at the recommendation of the eminent geographer. Major Rennell. Another memorial of his connection with Byron is furnished in his "Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold," apropos of which the poet wrote, "Hobhouse had more real knowledge of Rome and its environs than any Englishman who has been there since Gibbon." In 1815 he created some stir by the publication of "The Substance of some Letters written by an Englishman from Paris during the Last Reign of Napoleon," in which the author's sympathies and admiration for the fallen hero were frankly avowed, and the English ministers of the day sharply censured. Becoming more and more outspoken as a radical reformer, he published in 1819 a pamphlet entitled "A trifling mistake in Thomas Lord Erskine's recent pamphlet," containing some very strong reflections on the house of commons as then constituted. Their publication was voted in the December of 1819 a breach of privilege by the house, and the author of the pamphlet was committed to Newgate. He remained there till the dissolution of parliament in the following February, when he received the compensation of being returned to the house of commons as one of the members for Westminster, which he continued to represent till 1833. His name was now associated with Sir Francis Burdett's as that of an ardent champion of popular rights. After the accession of the whigs to power Sir John Cam Hobhouse (for he had succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father) was secretary at war from February, 1832, to April, 1833, Irish secretary in April and May, 1833, and chief commissioner of woods and forests in 1834. During Lord Melbourne's second premiership Sir John Cam Hobhouse was president of the board of control. Under his presidency the Affghan war occurred, and the conquest of the Punjaub was achieved. He occupied the same post in Lord John Russell's ministry from July, 1846, to February, 1852. He represented Nottingham from July, 1834, to 1847, and Harwich from 1848 to February, 1851, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Broughton. He married in 1828 the youngest daughter of the seventh marquis of Tweeddale, and lost her by death in 1835. His lordship published in 1859 "Italy, remarks made in several visits from 1816 to 1854," of which work a revised edition, with an appendix, was subsequently published. He died on the 3rd of June, 1869.—F. E.  HOCCLEVE or OCCLEVE,, an early English poet, of whom the little that is known is chiefly gleaned from his own writings. He was born probably about the year 1370, studied law at "Chestres inn by the Strande," where he resided, and was a writer to the privy seal for twenty years. It would seem that he was not free from the extravagance and dissipation of a court life; and we may presume from his poem, "De Regimine Principum," that he was not unknown to the young princes. In his earlier years he was a follower of Chaucer, and has left the only original portrait of his great master. Warton and Hallam both form a low, perhaps too low, an estimate, of Hoccleve's merits as a poet; but William Browne, who lived nearer to his own times, a poet himself, and well read in the poets that preceded him, quoting his "Story of Jonathan," speaks in high terms of his genius. The date and place of Hoccleve's death are not known.—J. F. W.  HOCHE,, a celebrated French general, was born in 1768 at Montreuil, near Versailles, where his father was keeper of the royal staghounds. At the age of sixteen Hoche entered the army as a common soldier; but his talents, good behaviour, and diligence in studying the military sciences, soon raised him to the rank of a serjeant in the French guard. He subsequently entered the national guard, became a zealous supporter of republican principles, and having distinguished himself by his remarkable bravery and activity, he was made a general of brigade by Carnot in 1793. He exhibited peculiar skill and courage in assisting General Sonham in the defence of Dunkirk, when that city was besieged by the English army under the duke of York. He was shortly after appointed to the command of the army of the Moselle, and gained an important victory over the Austrians at Weissenburg, 26th and 27th December, 1793. Having had the misfortune to incur the displeasure of St. Just, he was recalled from his command and committed to prison, but was saved from the guillotine by the overthrow of Robespierre. About the close of 1794 Hoche was placed at the head of one of the three armies which were commissioned to suppress the royalist insurrection in La Vendèe. This difficult service called into action his talents as a statesman, as well as his military skill. He repressed with a firm hand the disorders, which, under the mismanagement of his predecessors, had sprung up among his own troops. He strove to gain the confidence of the Vendean priests, and the good-will of the peasantry, by treating them with clemency and good faith; and by his combined firmness and moderation, as well as by his skilful military tactics, he at length accomplished the difficult task of pacifying La Vendèe and Brittany. In 1795 Hoche defeated the Quiberon expedition; and in the following year he was appointed to the command of the expedition, which the directory destined for the invasion of Ireland. The fleet, consisting of forty-three vessels, having on board an army of fifteen thousand men, set sail from Brest on the 15th December, 1796, but was shattered by a storm; and the frigate which carried the general was separated from the rest of the squadron, and with difficulty regained the French coast. In 1797 Hoche was placed at the head of the army of the Sambre and the Meuse in the room of Jourdain, and was directed to attack the Austrians on the side of Germany, while Bonaparte was carrying on his first triumphant campaign in Italy. He defeated the enemy in several encounters, and was rapidly enclosing his opponent, General Kray, who must soon have fallen into his hands, when his victorious career was arrested by the news of the preliminary treaty which Bonaparte had concluded at Leobon with the Archduke Charles (19th April, 1797). In September following Hoche died, after a brief illness, at the early age of thirty-three. His death was popularly ascribed to poison, but apparently without any sufficient grounds. He was not only one of the most skilful generals of his day, but an honourable, upright man, and a sincere patriot.—J. T.  HODGES,, an English physician, was educated at Westminster and Oxford. Having taken his degree he settled in London, where Bliss says that "he obtained a great name and practice among the citizens." During the terrible visitation of 1665, when most of the physicians, retired to the country, Hodges, with another of his brethren, remained and visited the infected during the whole continuance of the plague. He died a debtor in Ludgate prison in 1684. He wrote an "Apology for the Profession and Professors of Physic;" and a "Historical Account of the Plague of London," in Latin, which was translated into English in 1720.—G. BL.  HODGES,, R.A., landscape painter, was born in London in 1774; was a pupil in Shipley's drawing-school, and afterwards of Richard Wilson. In 1772 he accompanied Captain Cook as draftsman on his second voyage round the world, and made the drawings which were published in the account of the voyage; he also painted several views of the South Sea islands for the board of admiralty. He then proceeded, under the patronage of Warren Hastings, to India, where he remained till 1784, having during his stay realized a moderate fortune. He published an account of his "Travels in India," with plates engraved in aquatint by himself. In 1787 he was elected member of the Royal Academy. Two or three years later, he made a journey in Russia, and on his return painted some large views of Russian scenery. Unfortunately he was tempted to engage in a banking establishment at Dartmouth, Devonshire, which failed, and he lost everything he possessed. The shock 