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HAR :—"That he neglected all business; that he was very seldom to be understood; that when he did explain himself she could not depend upon the truth of what he said; that he never came to her at the time she appointed; that he often came drunk; lastly, to crown all, that he behaved himself towards her with bad manners, indecency, and disrespect." Bolingbroke succeeded him, but Bolingbroke's career of premiership was a brief one. It was on Tuesday that Harley was dismissed; the queen died on the following Sunday; George I. was proclaimed king; and after braving it for a little, Bolingbroke fled to France. Oxford remained to meet his fate. On the 21st of June, 1715, after Walpole's resolution for the impeachment of Bolingbroke for high treason had been carried without a division, Lord Coningsby rose and said:—"The worthy chairman of the committee has impeached the hand, but I do impeach the head; he has impeached the clerk, and I the justice; he has impeached the scholar, and I the master; I impeach Robert, earl of Oxford, and Earl Mortimer of high treason and other high crimes and misdemeanours." A resolution to this effect was agreed to, and in a few days Oxford was in the Tower. The chief grounds for the impeachment were his shameful betrayal of English interests at the peace of Utrecht, and his intrigues with the Pretender. After Oxford had been in prison for two years, it was decided that he should at last be tried. But the two houses quarrelled as to the precise mode of conducting the trial. The house of commons in anger refused to take part in the proceedings, and Oxford was acquitted by the peers and released from confinement. He spoke afterwards in his place in the house of lords, but remained for the most part in retirement until his death on the 21st of May, 1724. What has been said conveys a sufficient notion of his political and official character and career. When his faults as a minister have been forgotten, he will be remembered as the friend of Swift, in whose works numerous interesting allusions to him occur; as the subject of a fine panegyric by Pope, penned after his fall from power and withdrawal from public life; as the encourager of learning, the patron of such persons as the Anglo-Saxon scholars, the two Elstobs; and last, not least, as the founder of the great collections of books and manuscripts, the latter of which is in the British museum, and known as the Harleian collection of MSS., perpetuates his name. His immense stores of books and MSS. were augmented by his son and successor. The books were purchased by Osborne, and catalogued by Samuel Johnson. The manuscripts, peculiarly rich in documents illustrative of English history and biography, were fortunately bought by parliament for the museum. Nichols, in his Literary Anecdotes, has printed some curious extracts from the diary of Lord Oxford's librarian, Humphrey Wanley, which throw light on the progress of the collections. Three disquisitions on financial and political subjects, written by or ascribed to Oxford, are published in the Somers Collection of Tracts.—F. E.  HARLOW,, born in London in 1787, was the son of a merchant who died when he was still an infant. He was brought up by his mother. After being a short time at Westminster school, he was placed by his mother first with a Dutch landscape painter of the name of Cort, and then with Drummond, an associate of the academy. Afterwards his friends paid a hundred a year for him for the privilege of painting in the studio of Sir Thomas (then Mr.) Lawrence, or seeing him paint; he received no instruction from the distinguished portrait-painter; but they quarrelled after a year and a half, and separated. Harlow early distinguished himself by his small portraits of various kinds, in oil colours, in crayons, or in lead-pencil. He painted several of his contemporaries, as Fuseli, Nollekens, Northcote in small; that of Fuseli is an admirable work; it is engraved in Knowles' Life of that remarkable man. In 1818 Harlow visited Italy, where he attracted the notice of Canova by an admirable copy he made of the Transfiguration by Raphael in only eighteen days. He was elected a member of the academies of Rome and Florence; he returned home the same year, and died of a violent attack of the mumps a few months afterwards, February 4, 1819, in his thirty-second year. Of his few historical pictures, the best and most celebrated is the "Kemble Family," represented in the scene of the trial of Queen Catharine, from Henry VIII., the queen being Mrs. Siddons. Harlow had great merit as a painter, he was even the rival of Lawrence in portrait in his twenty-second year. Sir Thomas said of him, "he was the most promising of all our painters."—R. N. W.  HARMAR,, a learned classical scholar, born about 1594 at Churchdoune, near Gloucester, and educated at Magdalen college, Oxford. He was successively master of the free school at St. Alban's, undermaster of Westminster school, and Greek professor at Oxford. In 1659 he was presented to the rectory of Ewhurst in Hampshire, but at the Restoration he was deprived of both his professorship and rectory, and retired to Steventon in Hampshire, where he died in 1670. He translated part of Butler's Hudibras into Latin, and the Assembly's Shorter Catechism into Greek. He published also "Janua Linguarum;" "Lexicon Etymologicon Græcum," and other works.—G. BL.  HARMENOPULUS,, a celebrated Græco-Roman magistrate and lawyer. It was for a long time the opinion that he belonged to the twelfth century, but subsequent investigation has shown that he was later, and ought to be ascribed to the fourteenth century. There is extant a life of Harmenopulus by Nic. Comnenus, but it is manifestly a spurious or fictitious narrative to such an extent as to make it altogether unworthy of credit. According to this, Harmenopulus was born in 1320 at Constantinople, in which city also he died in 1380 or 1383. Doubtful, however, as the facts of his life are, he is known by some important works, as the "Hexabiblus," a code or manual of laws, exhibiting in six books a summary of ancient Greek and Roman laws. This is a work of much interest both in a legal and literary respect. Besides this we have by him an epitome of canons, and a curious treatise on heresies.—B. H. C.  HARMER,, was born at Norwich in 1715. At an early age he became pastor of the Independent church at Wattisfield in Suffolk, where he continued for more than fifty years to discharge his ministerial duties, and to prosecute his favourite studies. Having conceived a great fondness for such points of oriental learning as threw light upon the Holy Scriptures, he devoted himself to the preparation and publication of his celebrated "Observations on various Passages of Scripture." This valuable work first appeared in one volume, then in two, and lastly in four. The best edition is that by Dr. Adam Clarke in 1816, which contains a memoir of the author. Mr. Harmer enjoyed the favour and friendship, as well as encouragement and aid, of not a few great men of his day. He wrote, in addition to the work already named, a "Commentary on Solomon's Song;" and a volume of miscellaneous works appeared posthumously in 1823. He died in 1788, leaving behind him a most honourable reputation.—B. H. C.  HARMODIUS and ARISTOGEITON, two Athenians, who were prompted by private injuries to engage in a conspiracy against the tyrant Hippias and his brother Hipparchus, 514. The occasion which they selected for their enterprise was the festival of the great Panathenæa. Concealing their daggers in the myrtle-boughs which they were to have borne in the procession, they succeeded in assassinating Hipparchus near the Leocorium. Harmodius was immediately cut down by the guards. Aristogeiton at first escaped, but was subsequently taken, and put to death by Hippias. Four years after this, Hippias was expelled by the Alcmæonidæ, the constitution of Athens was brought nearer to a democracy, and the spirit of party combined with popular feeling to attach to Harmodius and Aristogeiton the character of patriots, deliverers, and martyrs. Bronze statues were erected to them in the Agora. Their deed of murderous vengeance became a favourite subject of drinking-songs, one of which, composed by Callistratus, will be found translated in Bland and Merivale's Anthology, beginning—"I'll wreathe my sword in myrtle-bough." It was esteemed an honour to be born of their blood, and various privileges and immunities were conferred on their descendants. Their tombs are mentioned by Pausanias as situated on the road from the city to the academy.—G. BL.  HARMS,, a Danish dean and overconsistorialraad, born 25th May, 1778, in South Ditmarsh, studied theology at Kiel in 1802, and became archdeacon of St. Nicholas in that town in 1816. He exercised in Kiel an important influence on the students of all faculties, but especially on the young theologians. In 1841 he was appointed overconsistorialraad. He died, 1st February, 1855.—M. H.  HARO,, a celebrated Spanish statesman, born 1599; died 1661. He was brought up with Philip IV., and succeeded his uncle, the duke of Olivarez, as the favourite of that monarch, being made chancellor of the Indies and master of the royal household in 1644. Haro effected great improvements in the organization of the resources of the army; the insurrection in <section end="867Zcontin" />