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FRO Lafontaine's Contes et Nouvelles, and among the latter some of Schiller's poems. He died March 25, 1824.—F. M.  * FROEHLICH,, a German poet; was born at Brugg, February 1, 1796. Formerly a professor in the Aargau cantonschule, he now holds a curé in the same place. His poetry bears the stamp of political and religious conservatism, which, however, is softened by remarkable geniality. He is chiefly renowned for his fables. His epic poems, "Ulrich Zwingli" and "Ulrich von Hutten," consist of ballads loosely put together. He has also published some volumes of religious poetry, and a treatise on the "Kirchengesang der Protestanten." Collected works—Frauenfeld, 1853, 5 vols.—K. E.  FROHBERGER,, a harpsichordist, was born at Halle in 1637, and died at Mayence in 1695. His father held the offices of cantor and organist, and taught him the principles of his art. In 1652 the Swedish ambassador, passing through Halle on his way to Vienna, heard young Frohberger sing, and was so charmed with his voice and his indications of talent, that he took the boy with him to the Austrian capital, and there presented him to Ferdinand III. The emperor sent the young musician to Rome, to develop there his remarkable ability under the teaching of Frescobaldi. From this master he acquired his taste for the harpsichord. In 1655 he returned to Germany, and shortly afterwards made a visit to Paris, where his playing excited the warmest admiration. Gauthier was at this time famous as a lutanist for playing with a grace peculiarly his own; and Frohberger adopted his style of expression. At Dresden he played before Johann Georg II., and delighted the elector with his execution and his compositions to such an extent, that this prince gave him a personal letter to his former patron, the emperor. Thus recommended, Frohberger reappeared at Vienna, was welcomed at court, and appointed harpsichordist to Ferdinand III. His desire to extend his reputation induced him in 1662 to undertake a journey to England. On the way he was attacked by robbers, who plundered him of everything but what he wore. He took ship; the vessel was boarded by a corsair, and, as his only means of preserving his liberty, Frohberger plunged into the sea. He was taken up by a fishing-boat, in which he reached this country. He begged his way to London, and was there engaged as organ-blower by Dr. Christopher Gibbons, then organist to Westminster abbey and to the court. In this menial situation Frohberger remained, until accident gave him an opportunity of taking his master's place, and playing before Charles II., who appreciated his merit, and loaded him with favours. After some time he returned to Vienna, but found his place filled by a stranger, and a general indifference to receive him. In his disappointment he retired to Mayence, where he spent the remainder of his life in misanthropic privacy. He made extensive notes for an autobiography, from which, it may be presumed, German and French writers have derived the romantic particulars of his visit to England, since our own historians make no mention of his having been here. Though he composed extensively for his instrument, nothing of his was published until after his death. His music is praised for its fugal ingenuity; it abounds in attempts at objective imitation, more remarkable for their curious purpose than for their suggestion of the scenes they were designed to picture.—G. A. M.  FROIDMOND, (in Latin, Fromondus), an ecclesiastic of the bishopric of Liege, was born at Haccourt in 1587, and died at Louvain in 1653. After teaching philosophy for some time in the university of Louvain, he was preferred in 1633 to the deanery of St. Peter's in that city. He returned to the university as the successor of Jansenius in the chair of interpreter of the scriptures, when the latter was nominated to the bishopric of Ypres. Froidmond, besides being a proficient in the learned languages, was an excellent mathematician, and enjoyed the friendship of Descartes.—R. M., A.  FROILA. See.  FROISSART,, a celebrated French historian and poet, born at Valenciennes about the year 1335. He was the son of a herald painter, who educated him for the church, but his youth was devoted to secular pursuits, to pleasure, and dissipation. He made a journey to England when he was about twenty-five years of age, in order to tear himself away from an unfortunate attachment which he had formed in his own country. Soon after his arrival he presented to Queen Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., the first part of a history of the wars of his own time, more particularly of those which followed the battle of Poitiers, a work upon which he had been for some time employed. The queen thereupon appointed him to a post about her person. He also held an office in the household of Edward III., having previously enjoyed the favour of the king of France. Amongst his many patrons may be reckoned Gaston de Foix; Wenceslaus of Luxemburg, duke of Brabant; and Guy, count de Blois. On the decease of Queen Philippa in 1369, Froissart returned to France, and after a series of travels, during which he collected further materials for his history, he sought to procure from Pope Clement VII. the appointment to a canonry at Lille. He was promised the reversion of that office, but in consequence of the pope's death he did not succeed to the preferment. Subsequently, however, through the friendship of the count de Blois, he was made treasurer and canon of the collegiate church of Chimay, where it is supposed he ended his days between the years 1400 and 1410, and was interred in the chapel of St. Anne in that place. Froissart was a poet as well as a historian, and is said to have composed no less than thirty thousand verses. His fame depends chiefly on his celebrated work, "The Chronicles;" they consist of four books, and relate the historical events which happened between the years 1326 and 1400 not only in France, but in Flanders, Scotland, and Ireland. They likewise give some interesting particulars concerning the courts of Rome and Avignon, and of events in the rest of Europe, and even in Africa. The first edition of Froissart's "Chronicles" appeared in Paris without a date, and has often been reprinted. The best of the early editions was published at Lyons, 1559-61, in 4 vols. folio, by Sauvage. Of modern editions the best is Buchon's, 15 vols. 8vo. There are two English translations of Froissart, the first by Bourchier, Lord Berners, London, 1525, reprinted in 1812 by Utterson, 2 vols. quarto. The second, enriched with illustrations from celebrated MSS. is by Thomas Johnes, and issued from the Hafod press in 1803-5, 4 vols. quarto.—R. D. B.  FROMAGE,, born at Laon in 1678, was educated among the jesuits of Nancy, and went to the East as a catholic missionary. He laboured for a number of years in Egypt, and afterwards in Syria, chiefly at Aleppo. He was appointed superior of the order there, and having established a printing-press, published a number of works in Arabic, viz.—an Exposition of the Gospels; the Meditations of Père Louis De Ponce; Brignon's Pedagogue Chretien; and Marsollier's Life of François De Sales. He died in 1740.—W. B.  FROMENT,, Baron, a French politician and publicist, was born at Nimes in 1756, and died at Paris in 1825. He was bred to the law, and obtained employment in the civil service, which was taken from him at the Revolution. He spent the rest of his life in intriguing on behalf of the Bourbons. He lived a long while in England in the enjoyment of a British pension. After the restoration, the sovereign whom he had so indefatigably served, suffered him long to languish in poverty, and only secured his last years against utter destitution by the miserable pittance of a pension of seven hundred francs. Froment was author of a great number of pamphlets, and other fugitive publications.—R. M., A. <section end="543H" /> <section begin="543I" />* FROMENT,, a French optician, celebrated for the ingenuity of his contrivances for the display of electromagnetic force, was born in 1815, and studied at the ecole polytechnique. An electro-magnetic machine manufactured by him some years ago, was a formidable engine of one horse-power. Leon Foucault was indebted to this ingenious workman for the apparatus used by him in the famous pendulum experiment to prove the rotation of the earth.—J. S., G. <section end="543I" /> <section begin="543Zcontin" />FROMMENT or FROMENT,, born in 1509, near Grenoble, embraced the principles of the Reformation under the instructions of Farel, and was employed by him to sow the seed of the new opinions at Geneva. The service was hazardous, and the missionary adopted the expedient of announcing himself a teacher of grammar. His lectures contained the reading and exposition of passages in the gospels. Much interest was awakened, the attendance rapidly increased, and Fromment at length, finding the hall which he had hired insufficient to accommodate the numbers who flocked to hear him, carried his evangelical prelections to one of the public squares of the city. The opposition which this drew upon him, speedily compelled him to leave Geneva; but in the following year he returned with Farel and Viret to resume his labours, and in 1537 he became pastor of one of the protestant churches, which their united efforts had formed. Domestic discomforts subsequently <section end="543Zcontin" />