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FRE Walsh, "he at last found a home with the archbishop of St. Jago in Spain, who received him in a manner worthy of his fame." Here he occupied the next two years in drawing up his Latin work, "Lucubrations of the Bishop of Ferns in Spain." When, on the Restoration, the lists of the pardoned and promoted reached Spain, the poor exile found to his sorrow that in neither was his name included. Some years passed away. French endeavoured by the strength of religion to reconcile himself to his lot, but the exiled prelate's anxiety to return to his country and flock continued unabated. He memorialized Ormond for permission to return, admitted that he had written harshly of him, and confessed to a constitutional warmth of temper. Ormond demanded a more explicit apology, but the bishop, in a letter to Walsh, still extant, replied—"I am able to say no more against myself without belying my conscience and betraying my fame, which I presume his grace would not have me do." He promises to confine himself to private life if permitted to return to Ireland, and declares that "he brings not with him the spirit of dissension or ambition. What I seek after, God is my witness, is only and solely my dear lambs and flock, and to give a right account to my God of the charge of souls committed to my care." In conclusion, he intimates that even if refused a license to return, he is determined to brave all, and risk liberty and life in the discharge of so sacred a duty. Bishop French's letter to Ormond is no less touching and creditable. French was informed that he must write a more submissive letter, but it was impossible to do so. Infirmities and age now weighed him down, and weakened his gait. Worn and grey, he repaired to Louvain, determined to end his days where he had begun his studies. He endeavoured to banish Ireland from his mind, but a more difficult task he had never undertaken. The Remonstrance had just appeared, and it must be baffled. Full of hot political vengeance, the bishop seized his pen, and threw off "Thirty sheets of Reasons against the Remonstrance." His blood was now up, and "The Due Obedience of the Catholics," and "A Dissertation justifying the late War," appeared in rapid succession. "The fate of the Remonstrance was decided," writes Mr. M'Gee, "and Ireland was preserved from the ignominy of condemning her best and bravest because they had failed." Thus it became evident that even in exile and seclusion Bishop French exercised great power over the men and events of his native land. But Dr. French's most vigorous production is "The Sale and Settlement of Ireland," which exposes with a nervous pen the conduct of the house of Stuart towards Ireland. Besides the works we have enumerated, French wrote several books of a polemic character. While he remained at Louvain, French founded a bourse there for his own diocese of Ferns, which he endowed with 180 florins annually in perpetuity. French was appointed by the pope coadjutor-archbishop of Ghent, but he did not long survive the promotion. On August 23, 1678, his corpse lay in state beneath the black marble ceiling of the cathedral of Ghent. The historical works of Dr. French have been recently reprinted.—W. J. F.  FREND,, son of an alderman of Canterbury, was born there, 22d November, 1757. On the completion of his education at King's school in that city, he was sent to St. Omer to qualify himself for mercantile life, and was then placed in a trading house in Quebec, where he arrived shortly before the commencement of the disturbance that eventually led to the war of independence. He remained in America only a few weeks, and on his return to England entered Christ college, Cambridge, with a view to studying for the church. He took his degree of B.A. in 1780, being second wrangler, and a Smith's prizeman of his year. Shortly after he removed to Jesus college, of which he was elected fellow and tutor, and in 1783 received priest's orders. Declining the appointment of tutor to the Archduke Alexander of Russia, which was offered him about this time, he was presented to the living of Madingley in Cambridgeshire, where he remained till 1787. In that year, having adopted Socinian views, he resigned his living, much to the regret of the parishioners, the patron, and the diocesan, who had every reason to be satisfied with his discharge of the pastoral duties. After a lengthened tour on the continent he returned to Jesus college, and in 1793 published a pamphlet recommending peace and union to republicans and anti-republicans, for which, by the sentence of the master and a majority of the fellows, he was "removed from residence in the college." He retained his fellowship, however, till his marriage in 1808. On leaving Cambridge, Mr. Frend went to London, and took up his residence in the Middle Temple. In 1786 he published the first part of his "Principles of Algebra," and the second part in 1799. In 1801 appeared his pamphlet entitled "The effect of paper-money on the price of provisions," the arguments put forth in which were subsequently submitted to the house of commons by Mr. Horner in his famous resolutions. In 1803 Mr. Frend commenced his well-known "Evening Amusements," which he continued in annual volumes till 1822. From 1806 till 1827 he was principally occupied as actuary to the Rock Life Assurance Company, the directors of which, on his retirement in the latter year, granted him an annuity of £800. He died February 21, 1841.—J. S., G.  FRENEAU,, an American poet and journalist of mark, was born at New York on the 13th of January, 1752, of a family which had originally emigrated from France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. The Freneaus appear to have become thriving citizens of New York, and the poet received an excellent classical education at Nassau Hall, then known as the New Jersey "Log college," which he entered in 1767, and where he had for "room-mate," to use the American phrase, James Madison, afterwards president of the United States. He distinguished himself at college, not only by his proficiency in the usual academic studies, but by a successful cultivation of the muse. He was noted thus early as a spirited satirist; and before he left college he had planned an epic on the discovery of America, which circumstances never allowed him to execute. Graduating in 1771, he proceeded to Philadelphia, with the intention of studying law, a profession for which neither his habits nor his temperament qualified him; and after an irregular and aimless life for several years, he went to sea, but in what precise capacity his biographers have been unable to discover. On the breaking out of the war of independence, Freneau was resident in New York; and it was then and there, that he constituted himself the laureate of the revolt, and by numberless pieces, grave and gay, lashing the English and their sympathizers in America and stimulating his countrymen throughout the conflict, acquired a general popularity. Freneau may be said to have been at once the Dibdin and the Moore of the American colonists in their struggle for independence. After a residence in the Danish West Indies and at Bermuda, he reappears in 1779 at Philadelphia, editing the United States Magazine. It failed, and Freneau again betook himself to the sea, but was captured in his first voyage by a British cruiser, and confined for seven weeks in one of our floating prisons, a powerful picture of which he gave in the "British Prison Ship," a poem published soon after his release and return to Philadelphia. From 1781 to 1783 he was employed in writing for the press and doing booksellers' work in Philadelphia, and is thus perhaps the earliest notable author by profession, whom the States have produced. In 1784 he returned once more to the sea as master of a merchantman; and it was while he was thus absent that there appeared at Philadelphia, the first collective editions of his poems in 1786, and of his miscellaneous works in 1788. With the election of Washington to the presidency of the states, Freneau returned to life on land, and edited a New York daily paper until the removal of the seat of government to Philadelphia, when he was appointed a translating clerk in the department of state under Jefferson, and editor of the National Gazette, a journal distinguished by the virulence of its attacks upon the president—attacks inspired, Freneau in his later years alleged, by Jefferson himself. On the withdrawal of Jefferson from the cabinet Freneau's occupation was gone. After several years of journalism, political and literary, he rejoined in 1798 the commercial marine, and did not take a final farewell of the sea until 1809. With the breaking out of the second war between England and the States, Freneau restrung his lyre, and celebrated the naval successes of the Americans in a series of songs and ballads, which are said to be in broadside form still immensely popular. In his old age Freneau resided in the state of New Jersey, occasionally visiting Philadelphia and New York; and, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, it may be presumed that his circumstances were easy. His death, like his life, was peculiar. At nightfall of the 18th December, 1832, he had left a New Jersey village inn for his home, a mile and a half distant. He was unattended; there was a heavy snowstorm at the time, and probably he lost his way. Next morning the corpse of the octogenarian poet was found partially covered 