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DAM DAMOISEAU,, Baron de, a French astronomer, was born in 1768, and died in 1846. At an early period of his life he evinced great aptitude for mathematical studies, and entered the French army as an artillery officer. He abandoned the service when the Revolution broke out, and entered into that of Sardinia. He subsequently passed into Portugal, where he obtained an engagement in the observatory of Lisbon, and became a member of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. He occupied his time while resident in Portugal on various scientific works, and was employed by government in drawing up the Nautical Almanac. After the capitulation of Cintra in 1807, he returned to France with the army of General Junot. Having again entered the French army, he served in various countries. In 1817 he retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Soon after he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, section of astronomy, and was appointed director of the observatory and member of the board of longitude. His principal works are—"Memoires sur le retour de la comète de 1759;" "Theorie et tables de la Lune;" "Memoires sur la theorie de la Lune;" "Tables ecliptiques des satellites de Jupiter." He acted for some time as joint editor of the Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes.—W. L., M..  DAMON, the classical example of devoted friendship. When his friend Pythias or Phintias was sentenced to death for plotting against Dionysius I. of Syracuse, he asked leave of the tyrant to depart, for the purpose of setting in order his domestic affairs, and the condition of such a favour being that some one should become pledge for his reappearance, Damon unhesitatingly offered himself. Pythias returned just in time to redeem his friend, and was pardoned by Dionysius, who was so much struck by the strength of their friendship that he even asked to be admitted into the bond of their brotherhood. Damon and Pythias were both Pythagoreans.—R. M., A.  DAMON, a celebrated musician and sophist, was a pupil of Lamprus and Agathocles, and the teacher of Pericles. He exercised great influence in the political affairs of Athens, from which he was banished in his old age. Damon held simplicity to be the highest law of music, and also that there is an intimate connection between that science and morality.—R. M., A.  DAMOPHON, a Messenian sculptor, who flourished about the 102nd Olympiad. It is said that he carved a statue in wood, with face, hands, and feet in Pentelic marble, representing Lucina, which was kept under a veil and placed at Ægius in Achaia. Besides this he executed several statues for the temple of Venus at Megalopolis, and, out of a single large block of marble, a group of Despoena and Demeter.—R. M.  * DAMPE,, born in Copenhagen on the 10th of January, 1790; student, 1804; theological candidate, 1809; philosophical doctor, 1812. He was early engaged in literary contention, and in 1818-19 drew public attention upon himself as the promulgator of peculiar religious opinions, though without adherence to any particular faith. The disorderly scenes to which these gave rise, even in the church of the Holy Ghost, during September, 1819, caused the interference of the authorities, and he was forbidden to enter the pulpit. He then, as doctor of philosophy, asserted his privilege of giving public lectures, which again were prohibited, as well as the sale of a couple of pamphlets which he had published. These strenuous measures, and very severe domestic affliction with which he was at that time visited, excited him to violent opposition, and he resolved to petition the king for justice by a special court, carrying round his petition for signature himself. Three persons alone signed, one of whom was a smith named Jörgensen. But this scheme failed. The decision of the court on its first sitting, November 16, 1820, was adverse to his cause, and he and Jörgensen were sentenced to death on the charge of an attempt to change the form of government as established by law, which sentence was afterwards mitigated to imprisonment for life. Jörgensen, after being confined a few years at Frederiksort, was permitted to return to Copenhagen, where he resumed his trade. Dampe also, after about six years' close imprisonment in Copenhagen castle, and fourteen at Christiansö, in both of which places he was treated with extreme severity, obtained his partial freedom in 1841, with a small yearly allowance for his maintenance; and when Frederick VII. ascended the throne in 1848, he received his full liberty in the general amnesty of all political offenders. He then returned to Copenhagen, where he has since lived in obscurity.—(Nordisk Con. Lex.)—M. H.  DAMPIER,, a celebrated English navigator, was born in 1652 at East Coker in Somersetshire. Being left an orphan at an early age, he went to sea, and made a voyage to Newfoundland and to the East Indies, and in 1673 served in the war against the Dutch. In the following year he became undermanager of a plantation in Jamaica; but he soon quitted that situation. He engaged with a coasting trader, and then went to the Bay of Campeachy, where he spent several years in logwood cutting. He afterwards published a journal of his adventures on that coast under the title of "Voyages to the Bay of Campeachy," London, 1729, with a treatise on winds and tides. He returned to England in 1678, and next year, on his voyage back to Campeachy, he met with a party of buccaneers at Jamaica, and was persuaded to join them. They crossed the Isthmus of Darien, and spent the year 1680 in cruising along the coast of Spanish America, and captured several Spanish vessels. Next year Dampier recrossed the isthmus, and joined another band of buccaneers, who cruised for some months among the coasts and islands of the West Indies. In 1684 he sailed from Virginia with a privateering expedition under a Captain John Cook, and committed great depredations upon the Spaniards along the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico. Cook died on the Mexican coast, and was succeeded by a Captain Davis, under whom the expedition sailed to Peru, and effected a junction with another band under Captain Swan. After an unsuccessful attempt to capture the rich plate fleet of 1685 at Panama, they sailed along the coast of Mexico, and proceeded as far as the southern point of California. Dampier then quitted Davis, and going on board Swan's ship, sailed with him to the East Indies. After enduring frightful privations, they reached Mindanao, where a mutiny broke out among the crew, in which Dampier took no part; and Swan and some of his men were left on the island. They then cruised for some time off Manilla, visited the coast of China in 1678, and touched at Australia early in 1688. On reaching the Nicobar Islands, Dampier, disgusted with the insubordination and cruelties of his associates, quitted the ship along with seven companions, and embarking in a canoe, after undergoing extreme danger in a storm, succeeded in reaching Sumatra in safety. Dampier then made several voyages to the East Indies, and spent some time as a gunner in the fort of Bencoolen. He found his way back to England in 1691, and published his "Voyage round the World," a most interesting work, which attracted great attention. Sir Charles Montagu, president of the Royal Society, introduced the enterprising sailor to the earl of Oxford, first lord of the admiralty, and in 1699 Dampier was sent on a voyage of discovery to the South Seas, in command of the Roebuck, a sloop of twelve guns and fifty men. He explored the north and southwest coasts of Australia, the coasts of New Guinea, New Britain, and New Ireland, and gave his name to the straits which separate the two former. On his homeward voyage he was shipwrecked off the Isle of Ascension in February, 1701. On his return to England some months after, he published an account of his voyage, and in 1707 he published a "Vindication of his Voyage to the South Seas in the ship St. George," with which he had sailed from Virginia in his former marauding expedition. Dampier continued at sea till 1711, but the close of his adventurous career is involved in obscurity. The date of his death is unknown. Dampier is justly reckoned among the most enterprising English navigators. He possessed great energy of character, combined with remarkable coolness and courage, which never faltered amidst the greatest perils. His narrative of his adventures, written in a vivid and truthful style, shows that he had great penetration, combined with sound judgment. He was possessed of a considerable amount of general information, and was well acquainted with botany.—J. T.  DAMPIERRE,, Count of Flanders, born in 1225, was the son of William de Dampierre and Margaret II., countess of Flanders. His mother associated him with her in the government in 1251, and he succeeded his father in 1280. In 1288 Count Guy espoused the quarrel of the nobles of Zealand against his own son-in-law, Florence V., count of Holland, and treacherously threw him into prison, from which he refused to release him except on payment of an enormous ransom. Retribution, however, failed not to overtake him; for in 1294, having affianced his daughter to Edward, prince of Wales, son of Edward I. of England, Philip le Bel, king of France, to whom the proposed alliance was exceedingly obnoxious, enticed Count Guy and his 