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ELS at Cambridge and Oxford, and in 1702 was appointed rector of the united parishes of St. Swithin and St. Mary Botham, London. In the previous year he had translated into Latin the Saxon homily of Lupus, and he seems to have prosecuted his researches respecting the Saxon tongue till the time of his death. He also busied himself with various other philological matters; but the most extensive of his undertakings was an annotated edition of the Saxon laws. His premature death interrupted this valuable labour when it was little more than well begun. It was completed, however, by Dr. David Wilkins. Elstob published some sermons, and had collected materials for a history of Newcastle, his native town.—R. M., A.  ELSYNGE,, was born at Battersea, Surrey, in 1598. He was educated at Westminster school, and took his degree of master of arts at Christ church, Oxford, in June, 1625. He then travelled abroad for seven years, and on his return held the place of clerk of the house of commons, in which position his discretion and prudence commanded much respect. This office he resigned in December, 1648, when he saw how matters were to go against the king. He died at his house at Hounslow in 1654. He was the author of a work entitled "The Ancient Method and Manner of Holding Parliaments in England."—J. B. J.  * ELVEY,, Mus. Doc, organist of St. George's chapel, Windsor, was born at Canterbury on the 27th of March, 1816. He entered the cathedral choir of his native town in 1825, in which he remained as a chorister until the time of the breaking of his voice. After this he continued the study of music under the instruction of his brother. Dr. Stephen Elvey, at present organist of New college, St. John's college, and of the University church, Oxford. At the early age of nineteen George Elvey was appointed to the office he efficiently fills in the Chapel Royal at Windsor. In 1838 he obtained a bachelor's degree in music at Oxford, for a short oratorio called "The Resurrection and Ascension," which has been successfully performed in London; and in 1840, having received a dispensation from the delay of five years, then required by the university statute between the two degrees, he was created doctor, his exercise being the anthem, "The ways of Zion." The situation he holds has given him opportunity to produce several compositions for the church.—G. A. M.  ELVIUS,, commonly styled the Younger, son of Peter Elvius the Elder, was born in 1710, and died in 1749. He was of a mechanical turn, and was employed in designing and constructing various works of public utility. Elvius verified several of the observations of Tycho-Brahe, among the ruins of that astronomer's famous Uranienborg. He was a member of the Academy of Upsala.—R. M., A.  ELWES,, was a very remarkable miser. At the age of forty he succeeded to the property of his uncle, Sir Harvey Elwes, estimated at two hundred and fifty thousand pounds; and he also succeeded to his painfully penurious habits and worship of gold. His nephew. Colonel Timms, on a certain occasion visited him at one of his mansions, and a heavy fall of rain occurring during the night, he was soon wet through. He rose and pushed his bed into a different position, went round the room in this fashion till he got into a dry corner, and when he met his uncle at breakfast, he told him how he had spent the night. "Ay, ay," said the old man; "I don't mind it myself, but to those who do, that's a fine corner in the rain." He died in 1789, at the age of seventy-seven, leaving five hundred thousand pounds, besides entailed estates.—J. B. J.  ELWOOD. See.  ELYOT,, author of "The Governor," and many other learned works, was educated at St. Mary's hall, Oxford, and after spending some years in foreign travel, was introduced at the court of Henry VIII., by whom he was held in great estimation, both for his diplomatic talents and for his extensive learning. Sir Thomas was employed by Henry on several important embassies. He was the admiration of all the learned of his time, and particularly of Leland and Sir Thomas More, for the integrity of his life and the variety of his accomplishments. He died in 1546. Besides the work above mentioned and some translations from the Greek, Sir Thomas left "The Castle of Health," 1541; "Of the Education of Children;" "The Banquet of Science;" "De Rebus memorabilibus Angliæ;" "A Defence or Apology for Good Women;" and "Bibliothecæ Eliotæ" (Elyot's Library or Dictionary), 1541.—J. S., G.  ELZEVIR, the name of a celebrated family of printers, who flourished in Holland in the seventeenth century, and were renowned throughout Europe for the beauty and accuracy of their typography. The family was of good descent, and removed from Louvain into Holland on account of its attachment to the protestant faith. No fewer than fourteen of its members followed the profession of booksellers and printers, and their useful activity in these pursuits extended over a period of a hundred and thirty years. , the first of the name, was born at Louvain in 1540, and died in 1617. He established himself in Leyden in 1580, and from 1583 became known as a bookseller. In 1592 he began to print, and from that year to his death he issued from the press as many as one hundred and fifty different works.—His son,, was born at Leyden in 1583, and commenced to figure as a printer in 1608. In 1626 he took his nephew, , son of his brother Matthew, into partnership; a connection which continued for twenty-six years, and was marked by eminent intelligence, activity, and success. The Officina Elzeviriana was established at Leyden, and acquired great celebrity by the extreme neatness and accuracy of its publications; many of which were regarded as chefs d'œuvre of typographic art. Both the partners died in 1652. Abraham had two brothers, Jacob and Isaac, who carried on business at the Hague and in Leyden, but did not attain to any importance. The honours of the family were next sustained by, the third of that name, who was the son of the second Louis, and who, born at Utrecht in 1604, became the founder of the Officina Elzeviriana of Amsterdam. Between 1638 and 1654 he sent forth from his presses as many as one hundred and eighty-nine different works, many of them of great merit. In 1654 he associated with him in the business his cousin,, the son of Bonaventure, and after a partnership of ten years retired. He died in 1670. During this partnership the Elzevirian typography attained its highest degree of excellence and splendour. The mechanical execution of its productions might not be quite so careful as that of the smaller works of Bonaventure and Abraham Elzevir, but the works themselves were of greater importance and value. The two partners published in all one hundred and eighteen works, including a series of classics, 8vo, "cum notis variorum;" a Cicero, 4to; the Etymologicum Linguæ Latinæ; the magnificent Corpus Juris Civilis in fol., 2 vols., 1663; and the New Testament of 1658, remarkable for its extreme beauty and accuracy. The Elzevirian editions of the Greek Testament became famous through all Christendom; and the text which they contained became everywhere the textus receptus; the value of this last, however, being typographical only, not critical. From 1664, when Louis retired, to 1680, when Daniel died, the latter continued to display the greatest activity in his profession and undiminished excellence in his productions. No fewer than one hundred and fifty-two works issued from his presses during these years, in spite of the civil war which then raged in the country, and which occasioned him serious interruptions and heavy losses. After Daniel's death the productivity and fame of the Elzevir presses rapidly declined. the second, who was the university printer of Leyden, and who died in 1712, closed the long series of printers and booksellers produced by this remarkable family. The total number of works bearing the names of the Elzevirs—as estimated by M. Charles Pieters, in his Annales de l'imprimerie Elzevirienne—amounted to one thousand two hundred and thirteen, of which, nine hundred and sixty-eight were in Latin, forty-four in Greek, one hundred and twenty-six in French, thirty-two in Flemish, twenty-two in Oriental languages, eleven in German, and ten in Italian. Of the elegant duodecimos of the Leyden office, the Pliny of 1635, the Virgil of 1636, and the Imitation of Christ, hold the highest rank for their beauty. The Livy and Tacitus of 1634, the Julius Cæsar of 1635, and the Cicero of 1642, are also highly valued by collectors. Good copies of these, bound in morocco, have sometimes sold in France for as much as one hundred francs a volume. Unbound copies, preserving all their original breadth of margin, are esteemed by bibliomaniacs as morçeaux of extreme luxury, and have been sold as high as five hundred and thirty francs a volume. Many works, however, were put forth as Elzevirs which were the productions of inferior Dutch printers.—P. L. <section end="265H" /> <section begin="265Zcontin" />ELZHEIMER,, also called , one of the greatest landscape painters of Germany, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Maine in 1574, and studied under Offenbach. Having given early tokens of his genius, he left for Italy, where he sojourned for a considerable time. The series <section end="265Zcontin" />