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DON the discovery, Sir George prevailed upon the lord-keeper to dismiss Donne from the secretaryship, and actually succeeded in having him committed to prison. He was, however, soon liberated, and then had to engage in a tedious lawsuit in order to recover his wife. Having succeeded in this, he was glad, being now without fixed employment, to accept the invitation of his wife's kinsman, Sir Francis Wooley, to reside with him at his house in Surrey. Here they lived some years, and had several children. Upon the death of Sir Francis, Donne removed, first to Mitcham, and afterwards to London, where he and his family were received into Sir Robert Drury's house in Drury Lane. Poverty, sickness among his children, and that feeling of painful restlessness which besets talented men who have no settled occupation, weighed in these years upon Donne's sensitive spirit. From this unhappy state he was delivered by the interposition of royalty; for James I., having become acquainted with him through Sir R. Drury, and being delighted with a book—"The Pseudo-martyr"—which Donne had written in 1610 at his instigation, pressed him so strongly to take orders, that Donne, who had hitherto scrupled to do so from a consideration of the loose sayings and doings of his youth, could no longer refuse. He, however, exacted a period of three years in order to prepare himself, and was not ordained till 1614. In 1617 his wife died. In 1621 the king presented him to the deanery of St. Paul's. For a collection of profound criticisms on his celebrated sermons—through which there runs a high-church and patristic leaven which placed him in the strongest opposition to the puritan party of his day—the reader is referred to the third volume of Coleridge's Literary Remains. A slow fever carried him off after a lingering illness in 1631. His life has been written at length, but in a loose inaccurate way, by Isaac Walton.—T. A.  DONNEAU,, born at Paris in 1640; died in 1710. Intended for an ecclesiastic, love interfered; he married, and there was an end of the church. He wrote for the theatre—not very successfully—and he then began to write reviews of the works of more successful men. Of Corneille's Sophonisbe he wrote a severe review; "then shifting his side, as a critic knows how," he praised it extravagantly. Molière, too, he abused, but in this case he never recanted his errors. A passage in Molière's Mère Coquette he claimed as his thunder, and made such a noise about it that Louis XIV. interfered. The royal voice was for Molière. Donneau set up the Mercure Gallant, the earliest journal of its character in France—a monthly newspaper and magazine. In 1690 Thomas Corneille became joint redacteur. Donneau became blind in 1706. He had a pension from Louis XIV., and apartments at the Louvre.—J. A., D.  DONNER,, one of the best sculptors of his time, was born at Esslingen in Austria in 1695; died in 1741. It was in the college of Heiligenkreuz that his talents for sculpture began to appear, and there he received whatever instruction Brenner and Giuliani were able to impart to him. Having obtained the patronage of Count Sinzendorf, he was enabled to complete his artistical education; but although he worked assiduously and meritoriously, he never met with great fortune. His best effort is the figures of river-gods of the fountain of the Mehlmarkt of Vienna.—R. M.  * DÖNNIGES,, a distinguished German political economist, was born in the neighbourhood of Stettin in 1814, studied at Bonn and Berlin, and began lecturing in the latter university with marked success. He advocated free-trade and moderate political reform. During 1838-39 he travelled in Italy, and discovered at Turin the statutes of the Emperor Henry VII., which he published after his return, under the title "Acta Henrici VII.," 1839, 2 vols. Soon after he entered the service of the king of Bavaria, and rose to high posts of trust and honour, which he was, however, obliged to resign in 1855. He wrote—"Das Staatsrecht, historisch entwickelt;" "Geschichte des deutschen Kaiserthums im ix Jahrh.;" and translated a selection of old English and Scotch ballads.—K. E.  DONOSO CORTES,, a Spanish journalist and politician, born 6th May, 1809, at El Valle in Estremadura. He studied successively at Salamanca, Caceres, and Seville, and was admitted an advocate in 1833, as soon as he had attained the legal age. Before this, however, at the age of twenty, he had filled for some time with credit the chair of literature in the college recently established at Caceres. The critical state of the kingdom in 1832 first turned his attention to public affairs, and during the illness of Ferdinand VII., he offered his services in maintaining the loyalty of his native province, where his family possessed considerable influence, to the present queen. On the change of ministry which then took place, he addressed to the king a memorial on the state of public affairs, which was not published, being considered too liberal in its tendency. In February, 1833, he entered official life as secretary in the department of "grace and justice," and soon afterwards as one of the secretaries of state. In 1835 he was sent as a royal commissioner to Estremadura, to quell the insurrection in that province. His success was greater than could have been expected, and he received the cross of Charles III. as a reward for his services. In May, 1836, he became secretary to the council of ministers, an office which he shortly after resigned. He was returned for Badajoz in the cortes summoned by Isturiz, which, however, were never assembled; but on the accession of the exaltado party to power, he determined to exchange active political life for more studious and fruitful pursuits. He filled the chair of jurisprudence in the athenæum of Madrid, and nearly at the same time became the director of a periodical entitled El Porvenir (The Future). He was returned to the next cortes for Cadiz. On the prorogation of this assembly he became joint-editor with Galiano of the Piloto (Pilot), and afterwards was for some time director of the Revista de Madrid. The political views of Donoso Cortes may be summed up in a single sentence from his essay on popular sovereignty. "Two flags have floated, ever since the foundation of human society, on the horizon of nations—the banner of national sovereignty and that of divine right. A sea of blood separates them, witnessing what is the destiny of societies which follow them. A new flag, stainless, white, splendid, has appeared on the horizon, its motto is 'Sovereignty of intelligence, sovereignty of justice.' It alone is the banner of liberty—the others of slavery; it alone is the banner of progress—the others of reaction; it alone is the banner of the future—the others of the past; it alone is the banner of humanity—they of parties only." He died in 1853, leaving the reputation of a bold and able journalist. We are indebted for most of the above particulars to the memoir in Ochoa's Apuntes, where may also be found some of his more elaborate writings.—F. M. W.  DONOUGHMORE,, second earl of, born in 1757; died in 1832; second son of the Right Hon. John Hely Hutchinson, secretary of state for Ireland, and Christiana Nixon, created Baroness of Donoughmore in the Irish peerage in 1783. Educated at Eton and Trinity college, Dublin, in 1774 he was presented with a cornetcy in the eighteenth dragoons. In 1776 he was given a company in the sixty-seventh. In 1777 he sat in the Irish parliament for Cork. In 1794 he obtained the rank of colonel. In the expedition to Egypt he was second in command to Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and on Abercrombie's death succeeded to the command. For his services in the campaign he received the thanks of both houses of parliament, and was raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom by the title of Baron Hutchinson of Alexandria, with a pension of £2000 a year. In 1806 he was employed on a diplomatic mission to the Russian and Prussian armies, and afterwards to the court of St. Petersburg. In 1825 he succeeded to the title of Donoughmore. At his death the barony of Hutchinson became extinct.—J. A., D.  DONOVAN,, an English naturalist, known principally for his voluminous writings. One of his earliest works was "A Natural History of British Insects," which was commenced in 1792, and finished in 1816. It contained figures of British insects, with descriptions, and contributed greatly to extend a knowledge of British insect life. Besides this work, he published many others on the same plan, illustrative of the natural history of the British islands, and other parts of the world. In 1794-1797 he published the "Natural History of British Birds;" in 1798 "An Epitome of the Insects of China;" in 1800 "An Epitome of the Insects of India;" in 1805 "An Epitome of the Insects of Asia," and "An Epitome of the Insects of New Holland." In 1823 he commenced the "Naturalist's Pursuits, or Monthly Miscellany of Exotic Natural History." He has also published several other works, but these are the chief. He was more remarkable for painstaking industry than original talent. Nevertheless, his works did much service to natural history in his day. It is to be regretted that he did not obtain from his labours that amount of remuneration which he felt he ought to have obtained, and in 