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JAM Bruce and Blind Harry's Wallace, and the Theatrum Scotiæ, and published a "Historical Account of the Royal Palaces in Scotland." In early life he was fond of writing poetry, and gave to the world some specimens of his muse in "Congal and Fenella;" "The Sorrows of Slavery;" and "Eternity"—a poem of which a friend of his, a critical and witty lady, said, "it was well named, as it would never be read in time." His last poetical effusion was in memory of his intimate friend, Sir Walter Scott, who calls him in his Diary "an excellent good man, and full of auld Scottish cracks." He resigned his pastoral charge in 1830, and spent his remaining years in comparative retirement; leaving behind an excellent treatise on the "Reality of the Gracious Influence of the Holy Spirit," which was published some years after his death, and is, he says, "the result of the cogitations of half a century." Dr. Jamieson died in George Square, Edinburgh, 12th July, 1838, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. Dr. Jamieson not only attained great literary fame, which was recognized by learned corporations in foreign countries, but he was also beloved as a diligent and faithful pastor, an instructive and excellent preacher, and a man of earnest and healthy piety; while he was endeared to a large circle of all ranks, by his social qualities, and the calm consistency and usefulness of his daily life.—J. E.  JAMIN,, a distinguished French cavalry officer, born in 1773 at Louvigné-du-Désert in Brittany. He joined the army in 1792 as a sub-lieutenant of cavalry, and in 1806 he served as aid-de-camp to Marshal Massena in his Neapolitan campaign. In the following year he was made colonel of the royal guards of light cavalry, at the head of which corps he distinguished himself in Spain by a brilliant charge at the battle of Ocaña, and afterwards by his courage at Vittoria. In 1814 he was appointed to the command of a brigade. Though treated generously at the restoration, he rejoined Napoleon on his return from Elba, and was killed at the battle of Waterloo. He had received in France the title of Baron, and in Spain he was made Marquis of Bermuy.—G. BL.  * JAMIN,, an eminent French physicist, was born at Termes in the Ardennes on the 30th of May, 1818. He was formerly professor of physics in the collège Louis-le-Grand, and is now professor of physics in the polytechnic school. His largest work is a treatise on Physics, "Cours de Physique," published in Paris in 1858. His scientific researches, which have been chiefly directed to the phenomena of light, are recorded in a series of papers in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique since 1847, and the Comptes Rendus of the Academy of Sciences since 1844. About 1850 he discovered by experiment the remarkable fact of the elliptic polarization of light by reflection from a singly-refracting medium at and near the "polarizing angle," and at the same time showed that fact to be a consequence of the wave-theory of light.—R.  JAMITZER,, one of the most famous of the German goldsmiths and engravers of the sixteenth century—a time when the goldsmith's art attained its highest excellence in Germany. He was born at Vienna about 1508, and settled in Nürnberg, where he died in 1585. He worked both in gold and silver, fashioning the metals into the quaintest and most fanciful forms, and modelling and chasing on the surface plants, flowers, and animals, with rare truth and delicacy. He also excelled in a sort of niello work and enamel. Jamitzer was employed by Charles V., Ferdinand I., Maximilian II., and Rudolf II. By his fellow-citizens, who held him in great esteem, he was elected a member of the city council. He published in 1568 a treatise on perspective, "Perspectiva corporum regularium," the plates to which were drawn and engraved by himself. Nagler gives a list of several other plates by him. In his metal work he was assisted by his brother, who died about 1590.—Wenzel had a son, —born at Nürnberg about 1560; died in 1619—who also worked as a goldsmith, and executed some good engravings, especially several prints of children at play, and a series of grotesques.—J. T—e.  JAMYN,, a French poet, was born in Champagne about 1530. He was a friend of Ronsard, who obtained for him the post of chamber secretary to Charles IX. His continuation of Hugh Salel's translation of the Iliad, shows some of the true Homeric spirit under very quaint disguises. He died about 1585.—W. J. P.  JANEWAY,, was born in 1636 at Lilley in Hertfordshire, being the third of five brothers who were all educated for the church. One of the most celebrated writings of James was an account of the life and death of his brother John, who died in the odour of sanctity at the early age of twenty-four—a life, says Hobert Hall, full of instruction and encouragement to christians. James entered Christ church, Oxford, in 1655; and soon after the Restoration, being ejected for nonconformity, he became minister of a meeting-house at Rotherhithe. The strictness of his morals, the earnestness of his preaching, and especially his devotedness to the sick during the awful times of the great plague, gave him immense influence over large numbers of the people. Being of a delicate constitution, the incessant labour he engaged in shortened his life, which terminated on the 16th of March, 1673-74. Many of his sermons have been printed. His "Life of John Janeway," and a work entitled "A Token for Children," still keep their ground as works of edification. In his "Legacy to his Friends," he enumerates twenty-seven famous instances of God's providence. To this work is prefixed a portrait of the author. His funeral sermon by Ryther contains several particulars of his pious and useful life.—R. H.  JANI,, a learned German, born in 1743; died in 1790. He was professor at Halle and Eisleben. Besides works on logic and the art of poetry, he wrote upon Horace, whose odes he published. He also wrote upon Alcæus.—B. H. C.  JANIÇON,, was born at Paris in 1674, and educated in Holland. After serving in the Dutch army he embraced a literary career, and wrote with much clearness and sagacity in the gazettes of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Utrecht. His press being silenced, he retired to the Hague, where he became agent to the landgrave of Hesse. He translated Steele's Ladies' Library, and published a work on the state of the United Provinces, which is praised for its accuracy. He died of apoplexy in 1730.—W. J. P. <section end="1097H" /> <section begin="1097Zcontin" />* JANIN,, the facile princeps of French feuilletonists, was born on the 4th of December, 1804, at St. Etienne, in the department of the Loire, where his father was a legal practitioner of repute. Completing his education in Paris at the college of Louis-le-Grand, Janin studied, or professed to study, law—a calling for which we cannot suppose him to have had any inclination. He does not seem to have gone to the bar, but when thrown on the world, to have "crammed" young men for their academic degrees—an employment which doubtless helped him to that affluence of classical quotation which is one of the characteristics of his feuilletons. He naturally found his way into journalism. first as a contributor to the satirical Figaro. He then wrote for the monarchical and conservative Quotidienne, a strange episode in his career, but gave up the connection with it when its principles became dangerously triumphant, and the Polignac ministry acceded to power. Before the revolution of 1830, he had distinguished himself in literature as a partisan of the classic school, against the romanticists. His "L'Ane mort, et la femme guillotinée," was a clever and telling parody of Victor Hugo. Eventually he found his true journalistic vocation, when after writing politics a little for the Débats, he was appointed one of its theatrical editors. Beginning with the minor theatres, he became its principal dramatic critic, and his Monday's theatrical feuilleton in the Débats, has been for many years one of its most brilliant and popular "features." Striking out a path for himself, he made the theatrical feuilleton a vehicle for criticism the most discursive; gossip literary, dramatic, personal, and autobiographical, all delightfully blended with acute discussion of the merits of the plays and players of the week, and embodied in a style rambling and diffuse, but sparkling with wit, fancy, drollery, sentiment, and the choicest results of a varied reading. He took the public into his confidence, and his readers were placed on the most familiar footing with the man, as well as with the critic. When he married, the fact was described and commented on by himself in a feuilleton, entitled "Le critique marié." In spite of his vagaries, his critical influence has been great. He may be said to have "made" Rachel, with whom he afterwards quarrelled, and endeavoured, unsuccessfully, to unmake. The best, or what he thought the best of these feuilletons, have been republished in a separate form, with the title "Histoire de la littérature dramatique." Besides his theatrical criticisms, Janin has made numerous contributions to literature, among the most valuable of them being the prefatory essays, biographical and critical, with which he has enriched editions of a wide range of French classics. In fiction he has not surpassed his early novel "Barnave," a striking picture of the first French <section end="1097Zcontin" />