Page:Imperialdictiona02eadi Brandeis.pdf/1013

HOW Esher, the Howitts, in the year 1839, took up their abode in Germany, with a view to the education of their children. Here they not only perfected an acquaintance with the German language and studied its literature, but became interested also in that of Scandinavia, and acquired a knowledge of the Swedish and Danish languages. During a residence at Heidelberg, William Howitt translated "The Student Life of Germany" from the original MSS., written by a German student. He also published two original works on German life and manners, entitled the "Rural and Domestic Life of Germany," and "German Experiences." Meanwhile, Mary Howitt for two or three years edited Fisher's Drawing-room Scrap Book; and commenced her translations from the works of Miss Bremer, which achieved a sudden and extraordinary popularity. Upon the return of the Howitts to England in 1842 they took up their residence at Clapton, near London, where William Howitt produced a second series of "Visits to Remarkable Places," and "A History of the Aristocracy of England;" and Mary Howitt a collection of her ballad poetry. During the next four years her time was principally devoted to translations, but she produced also "The Children's Year," a genuine diary kept by her for a year of the lives of two of her children; and "Our Cousins in Ohio," the materials for which had been sent from America by the author's sister. In the year 1846 the Howitts availed themselves of an opportunity which seemed to promise a wide and useful sphere of labour, in a journal of literature, art, and social progress, entitled the People's Journal. An uncongenial partnership, however, soon brought their connection with this publication to a termination; and a periodical of a similar nature—subsequently established in their own names—failing to repair the losses which that enterprise had entailed upon them, they recurred after a couple of years to the less anxious pursuits of general literature. In the following three years were produced, by William Howitt, "Homes and Haunts of the English Poets;" "The Hall and the Hamlet, a novel;" "Madame Dorrington of the Dene, a novel;" and "The Year Book of the Country;" and by Mary Howitt, "The Heir of Wast Wayland, a novel;" and "Steadfast Gabriel and Mary Leeson, stories for children." In 1852 William and Mary Howitt published their "History of the Literature of Northern Europe," the first complete examination in the English language of the works of the principal Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic writers from the earliest times. In the same year, on the discovery of the gold fields in Victoria, William Howitt proceeded to Australia, accompanied by his two sons, where he spent the following two years. During his absence was published a translation of Dr. Ennemoser's History of Magic, made upon his voyage with the assistance of his elder son; and a collection of tales by himself and wife, entitled "Stories of English and Foreign Life." Mary Howitt remaining with her daughters in England, continued in the active pursuit of her literary occupations in a translation of Fredrika Bremer's Homes of the New World: and a variety of miscellaneous contributions to the periodical literature of the day. On his return to England in the year 1854, William Howitt gave to the public his experiences of Australia in his work entitled "Land, Labour, and Gold," one of his most important and valuable contributions to English literature; a book for children, called "The Australian Boys' Book;" and a novel entitled "Tallangetta," descriptive of colonial life. In the year 1856 having taken up their residence at Highgate, near London, William Howitt commenced an "Illustrated Popular History of England," five volumes of which have now been issued; and in 1860 he produced "The Man of the People," a novel illustrative of the state of England forty years ago. In the course of the same period, Mary Howitt has published a translation of Fredrika Bremer's Two Years in Switzerland and Italy; and a tale for children entitled "Lillieslea." She has also edited, with the assistance of her younger daughter, "A Treasury of Stories for the Young."—A. W.  HOWSON,, born in London in 1556, educated at St. Paul's school and at Christ church, Oxford; became noted for the zeal with which, when vice-chancellor, he repressed the puritan spirit in the university; but attained the highest distinction when James I. commanded the publication in 1622 of his discourses against popery. He was successively bishop of Oxford and of Durham; to which latter see he was translated three years before his death, which occurred in 1631.  HOZ,, a Spanish dramatic poet, born in 1620; lived until 1689, and according to some accounts as late as 1704. Of many plays which he wrote, "El castigo de la miseria" (The punishment of avarice) is well worthy of comparison with Molière's L'Avare. Another play, "El Montañez Juan Pascual y primer Asistente de Sevilla," exhibits the character of Pedro the Cruel in a different light from that in which he generally appears.—F. M. W.  HOZIER,, son of Pierre, was born in 1640, and succeeded his father in his principal offices and dignities. He published a "Peerage of Champagne," in 2 vols. folio, and corrected more than four hundred errors in the History of Charles IX. by Varillas. He died in 1732, and was succeeded in the office of judge of arms by his nephew,, who is best known by his "Armorial de France," in 10 vols. folio, 1738-68. He died in 1767, and was succeeded by his son,, who published also some genealogical researches, and died in 1798. With the extinction of titles of nobility in France, the office which had so long been held by the same family necessarily ceased to exist.—G. BL.  HOZIER,, a celebrated genealogist, was born at Marseilles in 1592. He was educated for the profession of arms, and served for some time under the Count de Crequi. In 1620 he obtained a place among the hundred gentlemen of the king's household, was made a knight of the order of St. Michael in 1628, and in the following year obtained a pension. In 1641 he succeeded the Count de St. Maurice as judge of arms, a place created in 1615 by order of the states general, for the purpose of keeping a record of all the nobility of France. In 1641 he was made maitre d'hôtel to the king, and in 1654 was raised to the dignity of councillor of state. Voltaire remarks that "truly great men were less rewarded; their works were not so necessary to human vanity." D'Hozier, however, was a worthy and religious man, and possessed a prodigious memory for genealogical details. In some lines written to be placed under his portrait, Boileau says:—

He died at Paris in 1660. Besides editing Le Baud's History of Brittany, he compiled, in conjunction with his son, the genealogies of the principal families of France, in 150 vols. folio, preserved in the national library, and justly described as the work of a century. He wrote also a great number of special genealogies of illustrious families.—G. BL.  HROTWITHA, otherwise called, &c., a nun of Gandersheim, said to have lived in the tenth century. Of her life there is little certainly known. It would appear that she entered the abbey of Gandersheim some time previous to the year 959, when she was about twenty-three years of age She devoted herself first to the study of the scriptures, and afterwards to that of the classics. Her works are in Latin, and consist of legendary poems, comedies in imitation of those of Terence, and a poetical panegyric of Otho. They are not always in good taste, but are not without merit. The first edition of her works was printed at Nuremberg in 1501, under the care of Conrad Celtes; the second at Wittemberg by Schwizfleisch in 1717. The MS. of which Celtes made use belongs to the end of the tenth or the beginning of the eleventh century, and had been preserved in a convent of the Benedictine order. The legend of St. Gandolfa, as given by Hrotwitha, seems to be another form of that of the Coventry Lady Godiva, which may be found in Flanders as the story of St. Godeleva. Among her dramatic pieces, "Callimachus" is perhaps the most to be commended. To celebrate the triumph of chastity is the object of each, and this carried out with all the effect derivable from the frequent interposition of supernatural agents.  HUARTE NAVARRE,, a Spanish physician and author, born about 1535; died at the close of the sixteenth century. Educated at the university of Huesca, he, after making the tour of Spain, settled down in the same town, and devoted himself to philosophical and medical studies. His work, "Examen de Ingenios para las sciencias," or How to determine from the physical and external condition who are fit for training in the sciences, 1566, is one of the earliest attempts to deal with the physiological relations between body and mind. It is full of striking and wild conjectures, approaching sometimes by anticipation to the discoveries of Gall. It has been translated, and reprinted many times. Lessing thought it worthy of being 