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CAT a dowry of half a million sterling, with Bombay and the fortress of Tangier in Africa. It was an unfortunate union for Catherine herself, who was most shamefully treated by her callous and libertine husband. Immediately after his marriage he introduced his mistress, Lady Castlemaine, to his bride, and insisted that she should be one of the ladies of the bed-chamber. The queen at first indignantly resented this gross insult; but friendless and alone in a strange country, and deprived, too, of the attendance of her Portuguese servants, subjected to daily insults and mortifications, the whole of the licentious court against her, and even the lord chancellor, Clarendon, according to his own account, striving "to induce her to a full compliance with what the king desired," her resolution at length gave way. From that time forward she seems to have borne her unhappy lot with patience, or at least without open complaint. Charles treated her with indifference or contempt, but he interposed for her protection when she was accused by the infamous Titus Oates, at the bar of the house of commons, of complicity in the Popish plot. Buckingham, at the same time, proposed to the king a plan for carrying off the queen to some plantation in the West Indies; but Charles, profligate though he was, had still some faint remains of conscience, and he told Burnet that, considering his faultiness towards the queen in other things, he thought it would be a horrid thing to abandon her now. The commons voted an address for the removal of the queen, but the lords would not join in this step, and the accusation was allowed to drop. In 1693 Catherine returned to Portugal, and died there in 1705.—J. T.  CATHERINE, daughter of Charles VI., and wife of Henry V., king of England, was born in 1401, and married in 1420. Henry died in 1422, and in 1426 Catherine espoused Owen Tudor, a Welsh gentleman, to whom she bore three sons, and who was put to death by the duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III. After the termination of the wars of the Roses, Henry VII., the grandson of Owen Tudor and Catherine, ascended the English throne. Catherine died in 1438.—J. T.  CATHARINE, was so called from the Tuscan town where she was born in 1347. At the early age of eight she took the veil, and when she reached her twentieth year, was admitted into the Dominican order. Her austerity, fasting, and rigid adherence to the rule of her order, obtained for her the reputation of extraordinary sanctity, whilst her alleged visions caused the Tuscans to regard her with superstitious veneration. Her influence became so great that she was sent on a political embassy to the pope, Gregory XI., by the Tuscan people, in order to procure their restoration to the pontifical favour, and the removal of the sentence of excommunication under which they lay. Her persuasion contributed to induce the pope to return to Rome in 1376, and thus to terminate what Roman catholics have called the "Babylonish captivity" of their church. St. Catherine died in 1380, and was canonized by Pope Pius II. in 1461. A collected edition of her works was published at Sienna in 1707, 4 vols. 4to.  CATHERINE HOWARD, fifth wife of Henry VIII. of England, and granddaughter of Thomas, second duke of Norfolk. Her father. Lord Edward Howard, was marshal of the horse at the battle of Flodden. On the divorce of King Henry from Anne of Cleves, he married Catherine in August 8, 1540, mainly through the influence of her uncle the duke of Norfolk, and Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, the leaders of the papal party, by whose counsels she was entirely guided. She speedily gained great ascendancy over the king, which she employed to arrest the progress of the Reformation; and on his return to London from York, whither she had accompanied him in 1541, he gave public thanks for his domestic felicity. The very next day, however, conclusive evidence of the queen's immorality was laid before the king by Archbishop Cranmer. She confessed her guilt to a commission appointed by parliament to examine her; though it is doubtful whether her confession extended farther than the admission of licentious conduct before her marriage to the king. She was shortly after attainted of high treason, and, along with the Lady Rochford, her accomplice, was beheaded on Tower-hill on the 12th of February, 1542. Lady Rochford was the sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn, and had been the principal instrument in bringing that unfortunate lady, together with her own husband, to the block. Her death was therefore commonly regarded at the time as a judgment from heaven. Lord William Howard, and several other relatives of Catherine, were found guilty of misprision of treason, and condemned to imprisonment and forfeiture of their goods; and Dereham and Culpepper, her associates in guilt, were executed.—J. T.  CATHERINE PARR, sixth and last wife of Henry VIII., was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr of Kendal. She had been twice married before the king selected her for his consort; first, to Edward, eldest son of Thomas, Lord Brough; and, secondly, to John Neville, Lord Latimer. She had no children by either. At the time of her marriage to Henry, 12th July, 1543, she was in her thirty-fourth year, and was esteemed "a very matronly, learned, discreet, and sagacious woman." She was well versed not only in polite literature, but in theology, and was a zealous adherent of the protestant faith. She became, in consequence, exceedingly obnoxious to the papal party, who laid a plot for her destruction, which she narrowly escaped by her adroit submission to the authority of the king, whom she had provoked by arguing with him on religious subjects, and urging him to perfect the work of the Reformation. When Henry set out on his famous expedition to France in 1544, he appointed Catherine regent during his absence. She must have frequently felt, however, that her life hung upon a thread, especially after disease and confinement had aggravated the headstrong disposition and impatient temper of her imperious husband. After the death of Henry, Catherine married, in 1547, Sir Thomas Seymour, lord-admiral of England, and brother to the protector, Somerset—a marriage of affection on her part, but of interest on the part of Seymour, who was a man of inordinate ambition, and very speedily neglected and ill-treated his wife. She died, after giving birth to a daughter, on the 30th of September, 1548. On her death-bed she pathetically complained that "those about her cared but little for her," and that she had received some neglect or mismanagement at the time of her delivery. Catherine was learned, and a lover of learning. She published in 1545 a volume of "Prayers and Meditations, collected out of Holy Woorkes," and containing some psalms and other devotional pieces of her own composition. She wrote also the "Lamentation of a Sinner Bewailing the Ignorance of Her Blind Life," meaning the errors of popery in which she had passed her earlier years. This work was published after her death in 1548, with a preface by Lord Burleigh, Queen Elizabeth's famous minister.—J. T.  CATHARINE PAULOWNA, fourth daughter of Paul I., emperor of Russia, was born at St. Petersburg in 1788. After refusing the hand of Napoleon, she married in 1809 Peter Frederick George, duke of Oldenburg, who died in 1812. The widowed princess accompanied her brother, the Emperor Alexander, who was fondly attached to her, all through the campaigns of 1813 and 1814. In the beginning of 1816 she married the prince royal of Wurtemburg, who, nine months after, succeeded to the throne under the title of William I. This able and accomplished princess died suddenly in 1819.  CATHERINOT,, a French lawyer and philologer, born at the château de Susson, near Bourges, in 1628; died at Bourges in 1688. He was educated in the faculty of law at Bourges, then practised as avocat at Paris for three years, and afterwards returned to Bourges, having obtained there some judicial appointment. His being known beyond his own day arose from the accident of his being an antiquarian as well as a lawyer, and one whose labours were not much valued. The antiquities of Berry early engaged his attention, and he published a number of pamphlets about them—if his mode of circulating his works can be called publication. Booksellers would not be at the expense of printing what nobody would buy: the author, as he could afford it, would print a pamphlet of some ten or twelve pages; would then loiter in bookshops, or at bookstalls, affecting to look over works exposed for sale, and before going away, contrive to leave on counters, or among the pages of the books he had been examining, his brochures. For nearly thirty years he pursued this strange habit, and secured for his name and for his works a sort of fame, which, had they been published in the ordinary way, they could not have obtained. The difficulty of getting a complete set of parts in this way dispersed, was such as to render the search an object of interest to traders in book rarities; and Catherinot's works are still looked for, and bring very high prices. In the Bibliothèque Curieuse of David Clement, one hundred and eighty-two of these pamphlets are mentioned. Catherinot was also a poet. He tells us that he had composed fifty thousand lines without biting his nails, thus violating the established 