Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/898

CAI countervail the treachery of Governor Lundy, and reassure the citizens; a council was immediately called, and a resolution was published declaring their determination to defend the city to the last. In the engagement which took place at Pennyburn Mill, Cairnes distinguished himself by his personal valour, as he had before by his zeal and ability in council; and being appointed lieutenant-colonel of horse, he signalized himself at Windmill Hill on the 1st of June, when Hamilton's army was routed. He was appointed recorder of Derry in 1707, and was promoted to the office of attorney-general. He served, too, in parliament for the city for thirty years, and was a zealous and faithful representative. His death occurred in 1772.—J. F. W.  CAIRO,. This artist was born at Milan in 1598, and studied under Morazzone. Without the vigour of style of his master, he excelled him in grace of composition and beauty of colour. On the invitation of Victor Amadeus, he visited the court of Savoy, received the honour of knighthood, a pension, and the hand of one of the ladies of the court. His portraits are stated to have many of the beauties of Titian. He died in 1674.—W. T.  CAIT BEY, the seventeenth sultan of the Circassian dynasty of Mamelukes in Egypt and Syria. From the rank of a slave he rose to the throne in 1467. He was involved in almost constant disputes with the Ottoman power, and at length a war ensued which lasted for six years, in the course of which a most signal victory was gained by the Mamelukes at Agadj-Tehair in Cilicia. Peace was concluded in 1491, and Cait Bey died in 1495, distinguished among the Mameluke sultans for the length and brilliancy of his reign.—J. B.  CAIUS. See.  CAIUS, a disciple of Irenæus, consecrated bishop in 210. He is remembered as an opponent of the heresy of Cerinthus, and Photius ascribes to him a work named "The Book of the Universe," which has been sometimes attributed to Josephus.  CAIUS,, one of the sons of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of Augustus, was, along with his brother Lucius, adopted by the emperor, and introduced at an early age into the service, and raised to the honours of the state. He held a command in the east at the beginning of the christian era, and received a wound there, from the effects of which he died in Lycia on his way home.—W. B.  CAIUS,, poet laureate to Edward IV., wrote a history of the siege of Rhodes.  CAIUS, KEYE, or KAYE,, M.D., the co-founder of Caius and Gonvil college, Cambridge, was born at Norwich in 1510. He studied at Gonvil hall, of which he became a fellow, devoting himself chiefly to theology. Having travelled into Italy, he there became a student of medicine, and won great distinction. On his return to England he became physician successively to Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. He was a fellow of the college of physicians in London, holding for many years positions of eminence in that learned body. In 1557 he obtained from Queen Mary a license for the incorporation of Gonvil hall, where he had been educated, which was thenceforth called Caius and Gonvil college, and endowed with estates purchased by Caius at the dissolution of the monasteries. He became the first master, and held the office till near the end of his life. He died in 1573. The learning of Dr. Caius was very extensive. Of his numerous works may be noted—"Hippocrates de Medicamentis," first discovered in MS. by him; "De Ephemera Britannica"—an account of the sweating sickness then epidemic in England, in 1556—reprinted in 1721; and "History of the University of Cambridge," in which he asserted that this university was founded by Cantaber 394 years before Christ.—J. B. <section end="898H" /> <section begin="898I" />CAIUS, ., was a native of Dalmatia, and succeeded Eutychian in the papal chair in 283. He died in 296. <section end="898I" /> <section begin="898J" />CAIUS,, master of University college, Oxford, where he died in 1572. He was the opponent of Dr. John Caius of Cambridge, in a dispute as to the antiquity of the sister universities. He translated Erasmus' paraphrase on St. Mark, and Aristotle's De mirabilibus Mundi, &c. <section end="898J" /> <section begin="898K" />CAIUS,, a Roman physician, lived during the first century of the christian era. He was physician to the Emperor Augustus, and he is noticed by Pliny as having written a work on the medicinal properties and uses of plants.—J. H. B. <section end="898K" /> <section begin="898L" />CAJETAN,, was born in 1469, and died in 1534. His real name was, but he took the name by which he is best known from his birthplace, Cajeta in the kingdom of Naples. He was a distinguished member of the Dominican order, holding the office of general for ten years. Having written a work "On the Power of the Pope," a succession of preferments flowed in upon him. He was first made bishop of his native Cajeta, then archbishop of Palermo, and at length in 1517 was elevated to a place in the college of cardinals. In the year following he was sent into Germany to combat Luther, and it was in obedience to his summons that the reformer appeared at Augsburg. Cajetan wrote commentaries on the philosophy of Aristotle, and the theology of Thomas Aquinas, and undertook the task of preparing a literal translation of the whole bible, which he accomplished with the exception of Solomon's Song, the Prophets, and the Apocalypse. The characteristic of this work is the extreme care with which the author seeks to be literal, even at the sacrifice of a clear rendering of the meaning. The work is named "Commentaries on the Holy Scriptures," Lyons, 1639.—J. B. <section end="898L" /> <section begin="898M" />CAJETAN or CAETAN,, an Italian subject of the Spanish king, died in 1599. He was chosen cardinal in 1585, and is chiefly known for the part he played in Paris during the time of the League. He sided with the leaguers, and thus put himself in opposition to the king, as well as to Henry IV. and the Huguenots. The battle of Ivry considerably mitigated his orthodoxy, and he was only too glad of the opportunity which the death of the pope afforded him of returning to Italy. <section end="898M" /> <section begin="898N" />CAJOT,, a Benedictine antiquarian and critic, born in 1726; died in 1779. His first work was "Les Antiquitès de Metz." In 1766 appeared his "Plagiats de M. J.-J. R. de Genève sur l'education," a somewhat unsuccessful attempt to show that the Emile of Rousseau is not a production possessing any claims to be considered as original, but is merely a compilation. He wrote various other works, which at the present day offer few points of much interest. <section end="898N" /> <section begin="898O" />CALADO,, a Portuguese historian, born at Villa-Viciosa about 1584; died in 1654. He became a monk, but soon quitted his monastic solitude among the mountains of Ossa for the more stirring scenes of Brazil, where he witnessed the chief events which followed the Dutch invasion. He published an account of the exploits of Fernandez Vieira. <section end="898O" /> <section begin="898P" />CALAMIS, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century ., the contemporary of Phidias. The chief of his works are the Apollo of the Servilian gardens at Rome, of which Pliny speaks, and which is supposed to be the "Apollo Belvedere" of the Vatican, the "Apollo Alexikakos" seen by Pausanias at Athens, and a colossal Apollo for Apollonia in Illyricum. <section end="898P" /> <section begin="898Zcontin" />CALAMY,, an eminent nonconformist divine of the seventeenth century, was born in London in February, 1600. He was a distinguished student of Pembroke hall, Cambridge, and having attracted the notice of the bishop of Ely, he was appointed his domestic chaplain and vicar of Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire. In 1626 he removed to one of the lectureships of Bury St. Edmund's, where he officiated for ten years, and was all that time ranked as a conformist. When, however. Bishop Wren's Articles were published, and the reading of the Book of Sports enforced, he, with thirty other clergymen, publicly declared his protest, and left the diocese. Becoming known as a nonconformist, he was appointed by the earl of Essex to the living of Rochford in Essex. Compelled by the state of his health to leave that district, and having avowed his adherence to the presbyterian party, he was in 1639 chosen minister of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, London, where he was long a popular preacher, and an active partisan in the controversies of the day. He was one of the authors of the work, famous in its time, named "Smectymnus," a reply to Bishop Hall's Divine Right of Episcopacy. He was one of the divines appointed by the house of lords in 1641, to confer concerning the differences in ecclesiastical discipline, and at the Savoy conference appeared in support of some alterations in the liturgy. He was never a friend of Cromwell's government, and took an active part in bringing about the Restoration. He went to Holland as one of the deputation sent to congratulate Charles II. On the king's return, Calamy became one of his majesty's chaplains, continuing to advance the presbyterian interest, till the passing of the act of uniformity compelled him to resign his living. He died October 29, 1666. Calamy was ranked as an able theologian. He published five sermons entitled "The Godly Man's Ark, or a City of Refuge in the Day of his Distress," and took part in <section end="898Zcontin" />