Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/753

BOU rewarded the skill and valour which had pained the victory of Marignano, by leaving him in command of Lombardy; but as was to be shown not long after, he too disliked the taciturnity of his redoubtable lieutenant. While in Lombardy. Bourbon proposed to the court to undertake the conquest of Naples, and so effective had been his measures for disciplining the army under his command, that the subjugation of that kingdom would have cost Francis but little exertion, if he had been at all disposed to add to the power of a lieutenant whose designs he feared as much as he respected his talents. Bourbon was still engaged in preparations for an invasion of the Neapolitan territories, when his attention was directed to another quarter of Italy by the movements of the Emperor Maximilian, who had entered the Milanese with a large army. This irruption promised to be as disastrous as it was unexpected, but the mutinous conduct of the Swiss mercenaries, who formed the staple of each army, brought it to a sudden termination; not, however, before the constable had drawn on his personal credit for supplies which should have been furnished by the king. In 1521 the constable's wife, Suzanne de Bourbon, died, and now began the open hostility between Francis and Bourbon which was to end so fatally for both. Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis, had long entertained a violent passion for Bourbon, which, not being nice in her morality, she hardly concealed in the lifetime of his wife, and now avowed in such a manner, that the constable was irritated into expressing his contempt for the princess, and his scorn of the woman. This Francis resented by refusing to pay the sums which Bourbon had borrowed in order to save the Milanese, and the breach between them daily widened. To satisfy the king, who wanted money, and his mother, who thirsted for revenge, the courts of law proceeded to despoil the constable of his estates, the greater part of which they declared belonged to the queen-mother, as the next of kin to Suzanne de Bourbon. In this way the constable lost first his county of La Marche, which was given to Louise, then another and another county, and, finally, his duchies. By a still more summary process, he was deprived of the emoluments of his office. Sternly refusing to make his peace with the court by accepting the hand of a profligate woman, he determined to accept the proffered amity of the enemies of his country, Charles V. and Henry VIII. With these princes he concluded a league of friendship, the terms of which were, that he should have Dauphiny and Provence, in addition to his duchies, and his allies the rest of France. Francis I. was on his way to Italy, when, in conformity with this treaty, Bourbon prepared to join the imperialists in Lombardy. He was soon aware of the treason of the constable, but fear, which as much as hatred had all along guided his policy towards his formidable subject, kept him for awhile from attempting to lay violent hands on a traitor, who, in the event of a battle, ran a good chance of changing places with his master. At length, however, Bourbon had to depart the kingdom, and without an army. The fugitive, somewhat to conceal his plight from his imperial ally, surrounded himself in Germany with 6000 lansquenets, whom his reputation, and the expectations of plunder founded thereon, rather than regular pay, attracted to his standard. His first service in the ranks of the imperialist army was that pursuit of the French across the Sesia in 1524, in which the illustrious companion of his campaigns in Italy, Bayard, fell by a ball from a Spanish arquebuss.—(See .) Charles V. was chary of his confidence to a prince who had promised to come to him with a powerful army, and had with difficulty escaped hanging in the attempt to leave his country; and, although assured by the constable that he had only to enter France to be received with open arms in all the great cities of the kingdom, he would only consent to a slight demonstration in Provence, which proving unsuccessful, he ordered his forces beyond the Alps. The battle of Pavia, where, with the title of lieutenant-general, he commanded a body of about 19,000 Germans, certainly afforded him ample revenge for the wrongs he had received from Francis I., but after that great victory, mainly owing, be it said, to his skill and valour, he was as little trusted—his interests were as little regarded—by the emperor as before. In the temper of mind induced by this neglect, he resolved on a daring scheme to settle his accounts with fortune, the attempt to execute which ranks him with the boldest, as he was certainly one of the most respectable, of brigands. Allured by the immense wealth of the city of the Cesars, he proposed to the turbulent mercenaries under his command, an immediate advance on Rome, which, under the false security of a trace with Charles V., little expected another invasion of the northern barbarians In vain the Romans appealed to the soldiery of Charles V. to respect the treaty of peace their master had entered into with the Holy See—their pay was in arrears—their chief had prepared a chain of gold in which to hang the pope—and nothing would arrest their march. On the 6th May, 1527, the assault began—Bourbon was the first to mount the walls, and the first who fell. A priest, it was said, fired the fatal shot.—J. S., G.  BOURBON,, natural son of Louis II., duke of Bourbon, killed while rallying the Armagnacs at the siege of Soissons in 1414; a doughty warrior whose deeds were affectionately rehearsed long after the termination of his short but brilliant career. He perished at the age of twenty-three.  BOURBON,, archbishop of Lyons, and natural son of Jean I., duke of Bourbon, distinguished as one of the most munificent prelates of his age. He was lieutenant of several provinces. Died in 1485.  BOURBON,, natural son of Pierre I., duke of Bourbon, chamberlain of John of France, and lieutenant of Languedoc, was wounded and made prisoner at the battle of Poitiers.  BOURBON,, count of Rousillon and Ligny, admiral of France, a natural son of Charles I., duke of Bourbon, married Jeanne de France, natural daughter of Louis XI. He was marshal and seneschal of his brother's estates, and was legitimatized in 1463.  BOURBON,, cardinal de, archbishop of Sens and legate of Savoy, fourth son of François de Bourbon, count of Vendôme; born in 1493; took part in the Milanese campaign of Francis I.; in 1527 was commissioned to offer that prince, in the name of the clergy of France, a gift of 1,300,000 livres; and in 1552 was appointed governor of Paris by Henry II. Died in 1556.  BOURBON,, infanta of Spain, born 1727, son of Phillip V., and brother of Charles III. Compelled by his father to enter the church, he was made a cardinal, and appointed archbishop of Toledo, but as soon as the death of Phillip V. left him at liberty to engage in the more congenial duties of his secular rank, he threw down his pastoral staff, returned his cardinal's hat, and to mark his contempt for the dignities he quitted, exchanged the scanty cape of his clerical habiliments for one of outrageous dimensions. His marriage with Maria Theresa de Valabriga Bosas, gave such offence to Charles III., that he was forbidden to approach the court except when specially invited. He died in 1785.  BOURBON,, duke of, and of Enghien, son of Louis, duke of Bourbon-Condé, born in 1692. After the death of Louis XIV., he was appointed president of a council of regency. The spirit of the next reign, which was plunder, he entered into with all his heart; as first minister of the king, scheming away immense sums; but as duke of Bourbon, always increasing his treasures. He was supplanted in 1726 by the cardinal de Fleury, who neglected no opportunity of harassing his predecessor. Died in 1740. <section end="753H" /> <section begin="753Zcontin" />BOURBON,, duke of, and prince de Condé, father of the duke d'Enghien, so wantonly murdered by Napoleon, was born in 1756. After the Revolution, he established himself in the territory of Liege, where, his fellow-emigrants being in great numbers, he was able to organize a considerable force, which, under his command, earned distinction in various encounters with the armies of the republic. He was in England when he learned the atrocious crime which deprived him of his son. During the Hundred Days he was active on behalf of Louis XVIII. in La Vendée, but without effect. The government of the Restoration rewarded his fidelity to the chief of his house, by appointing him grand-master of the royal household. His death, which occurred in 1830, was not without some circumstances fitted to awaken suspicions of foul play. He was found suspended by a handkerchief in his chamber at the castle of Saint Leu. The duke d'Aumale, fourth son of Louis Philippe, inherited his property.—His wife,, was a daughter of Louis Philippe, duke of Orleans, grandson of the regent. After the birth of their son, the duke d'Enghien, the spouses separated; Madame, after suffering a two years' imprisonment during the revolutionary period, being ordered to retire into Spain, where, in the enjoyment of an ample pension, she devoted herself to converse and correspondence with a number of mystical pietists, and what was <section end="753Zcontin" />