Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/62

ADR well-known Francesco Guicciardini's history of Florence. This work was published by his son,, who was born in 1533, and succeeded his father in the chair of eloquence. Marcello is the author of an Italian translation of Demetrius Phalereus on elocution. He translated also Plutarch's "Morals."—J. B.  ADRIANO, a Spanish painter, born at Cordova about the middle of the 16th century, where he died in 1630. He was a lay brother of the Carmelite order. Few of his works have been preserved; among those that have, a picture of the Crucifixion is most remarkable. He was in the habit of effacing his pictures as soon as they were finished, and it was only by the earnest solicitations of his friends, in the name of some souls in purgatory, to whom the artist was accustomed to pray, that any of his productions were saved from destruction.—J. F.  ADRIANUS FRANCISCUS, author of a work published at Venice in 1567, entitled "Vesper Psalms for all the Feast Days throughout the year."  ADRICHO´MIA CORNE´LIA, a nun of the order of St. Augustin at Beverwyk. She lived in the sixteenth century, wrote several pieces of sacred poetry, and translated the Psalms of David into verse.  ADRICHOMIUS CHRISTIANUS, a priest, born at Delft in Holland, 1533. He was director of the nuns of St. Barbara, in his native place, till, by the revolt of the Gueux, he was driven from Holland. After various wanderings, he took refuge finally at Cologne, where he died in 1585. Under the name of Christianus Crucius, which he assumed in allusion to his sufferings, he published a life of Christ, formed by combining the four gospels; but his fame rests chiefly on his work, "Theatrum Terræ Sanctæ," a geographical description of Palestine, with a summary of scripture history.—J. B.  ADROVALD, a Benedictine monk of Fleury, who lived at the end of the ninth century, and wrote a history of the translation of St. Benedict, and a book "De Corpore et Sanguine Christi."  ADRY,, a learned Oratorian priest and librarian, contributor to the "Magazin Encyclopédique," editor of numerous works, ancient and modern, and author of a "Literary History of Port-Royal," &c.; born in Burgundy in 1749, and died at Paris in 1818.  ADRYAN,, a Polish gentleman, who, born about 1490, studied at Cracow, attained a high reputation as a scholar and poet, and died at Cracow about 1540. <section end="62H" /> <section begin="62I" />ADSO, sometimes called HORMENIUS, a French abbot of Burgundy, about the middle of the tenth century, wrote several legendary works. Another person of the same name, and employed in similar literary work, belonged to Deuvres in Champagne, and died about the year 992. <section end="62I" /> <section begin="62J" />ADUARTE,, a learned Spanish Dominican, bishop of New Segovia in the Philippines, published at Manilla, in 1640, a work on Dominican missions in the East. <section end="62J" /> <section begin="62K" />ADVENTIUS, elected bishop of Metz in 855, was member of several councils that deliberated on the question of divorce between King Lotharius and his queen, and procured by his efforts a decision, according to which the queen was sent to a convent and the king permitted to remarry. For this, Adventius was deposed by a council held at Metz, but was restored to his see by the mediation of Charles the Bald. Died 875.—E. M. <section end="62K" /> <section begin="62L" />ÆACIDES, king of the Molossians in Epirus, and father of the famous Pyrrhus, began to reign in 326 ., and was killed in an engagement with an army sent against him by Cassander. <section end="62L" /> <section begin="62M" />ÆANTIDES, a Greek writer who resided at Alexandria under the first Ptolemy, about 300 .: and one of the seven Alexandrian poets, called by ancient grammarians the "Pleiades." Nothing remains of his works. <section end="62M" /> <section begin="62N" />ÆDESIA, a female philosopher of the Neoplatonic school; famous besides for her virtue and her beauty. <section end="62N" /> <section begin="62O" />ÆDESIUS of Cappadocia, a Neoplatonic philosopher of the fourth century, among whose pupils were Jamblicus, Maximus of Ephesus, Eusebius, and the Emperor Julian. <section end="62O" /> <section begin="62P" />ÆGEATUS, a Nestorian presbyter of the fifth century, who wrote some sections of church history, and a tractate against the council of Chalcedon. <section end="62P" /> <section begin="62Q" />ÆGIDIUS of Assise, member of the order of Minor friars, was one of the companions of St. Francis of Assise; wrote various works, one of which, entitled "Aurea Verba," was printed at Antwerp in 1534. Died in 1262. <section end="62Q" /> <section begin="62R" />ÆGIDIUS DE COLUMNA, an Augustine monk of the thirteenth century, author of numerous works, and honoured by the schoolmen with the title of "The most profound doctor." He was preceptor to the sons of Philip III. of France, and professor of philosophy and theology at Paris. Through the favour of Pope Boniface VIII. he was made bishop of Bern, and, by some accounts, a cardinal.—E. M. <section end="62R" /> <section begin="62S" />ÆGIDIUS,, canon of Paris, physician to Philip Augustus, king of France, and author of a medical work, attributed to another, a Benedictine of the 8th century, who is said to have resided at Athens. <section end="62S" /> <section begin="62T" />ÆGIDIUS LEODIENSIS, or, a monk of Vallée d'Or, in the duchy of Luxemburg, lived in the early part of the thirteenth century, wrote a history of the bishops of Liege, which was continued by various monkish writers. <section end="62T" /> <section begin="62U" />ÆGIDIUS,, of Antwerp, born in 1490, travelled in Asia and Africa, and published a work entitled "A Description of Thrace and Constantinople." <section end="62U" /> <section begin="62V" />ÆGIMUS or ÆGIMIUS, a physician of Velia, was, according to Galen, anterior to Hippocrates, and is said to have been the first who wrote on the pulse. <section end="62V" /> <section begin="62W" />ÆGINHARD. See. <section end="62W" /> <section begin="62X" />ÆGINITA. See of Ægina. <section end="62X" /> <section begin="62Y" />ÆGINITA, a Greek of Ægina, a maker of vases and images, lived, as appears, about 200 years .; and was, according to Pliny, brother of Pasias, an eminent painter. The island of Ægina is remarkable at the present day for the number of beautiful ancient earthen vases obtained by excavation. Of such probably he was, as Pliny calls him a "fictor."—E. M. <section end="62Y" /> <section begin="62YA" />ÆGINUS SPOLENTINUS, that is, of Spoleto, edited at Rome in 1550, from Vatican manuscripts, the "Bibliotheca" of Apollodorus, with a Latin translation and very erudite notes. <section end="62YA" /> <section begin="62YB" />ÆLF,, a Swedish divine of the eighteenth century, archdeacon of Linkoping, professor of belles-lettres at Upsal, and author of various Latin poems. <section end="62YB" /> <section begin="62YC" />ÆLFRICUS or HELFRICH, surnamed the , was born about the middle of the tenth century. He became successively abbot of Malmesbury, bishop of Wilton, and, in 995, archbishop of Canterbury. He left, 1. A Latin and Anglo-Saxon dictionary and grammar—a highly accurate and methodical work, which was published at Oxford in 1559; 2. A Saxon chronicle, published in London in 1628-1638; and 3. A homily on the Eucharist, printed at Cambridge, 1641. <section end="62YC" /> <section begin="62YD" />ÆLIANUS the Tactician, a Greek writer, author of a work on Greek military tactics, quoted with great respect by the emperors Leon and Constantine Porphyrogenitus, and first translated into Latin by Theodore Gaza. Flourished in the reign of Adrian, to whom this work was dedicated. <section end="62YD" /> <section begin="62YE" />ÆLIANUS,, a native of Præneste in Italy, and author of two well-known works, entitled "Miscellaneous History," and "On the peculiarities of Animals," flourished about . 225. Though, till considerably advanced in years, he never, it is said, left Italy, he afterwards, as in the latter of these works he himself expressly states, visited Alexandria. His writings prove his extensive erudition and amiable character, but that he was superstitious and credulous in the extreme. The diction, so far as it is his own, displays great affectation and want of classic simplicity. The works entitled "On Providence," and "On Manifestations of the Deity," of which only a few fragments remain, were, in all probability, but different designations of one and the same production. The "Rustic Epistles" often attributed to him, were, in the estimation of the learned Coray, written by a native Greek, and not by Claudius Ælianus; but whether by Ælianus the Tactician or some one else, Coray does not venture to determine.—E. M. <section end="62YE" /> <section begin="62YF" />ÆLIANUS MECCIUS, an ancient physician of the second century, who is mentioned by Galen as the first of his masters who introduced the use of electuaries. <section end="62YF" /> <section begin="62YG" />ÆLIUS SEXTUS CATUS, a Roman jurisconsult, eulogized by the poet Ennius, was consul and censor, remarkable for the simplicity of his personal manners, and for his rigorous discouragement of luxury. <section end="62YG" /> <section begin="62YH" />ÆLNOTH, a monk of Canterbury, who resided for 24 years in Denmark, and wrote in 1155 the life of Canute, under the title "Historia ortus, vitæ et passionis S. Canuti." <section end="62YH" /> <section begin="62YI" />ÆLST or AALST,, a Dutch painter, remarkable for the high finish of his productions, peculiarly felicitous in representing inanimate objects, and, in particular, dead birds and armour, was born at Delft in 1602, and died in 1658. <section end="62YI" /> <section begin="62Zcontin" />ÆLST or AALST,, an engraver and <section end="62Zcontin" />